창가학회 (創價學會)에 대한 일고찰 - 불교혁신운동의 측면을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Soka Gakkai(創價學會), established in 1930 by a distinguished pedagogist, Makiguchi Tzunesaburo (牧口常三郞, 1871-1944), is said to be the biggest religious order among contemporary Japanese new religions. This paper investigates the renovative aspects of Soka Gakkai which has come to characterizes Japanese Buddhism. Soka Gakkai has been separated from Nichirenshoshu (日蓮正宗), a sect of Japanese Buddhism to which it originally belonged until 1993. This suggests that Soka Gakkai as a Zaike (在家) group of believers has made a declaration of a new identity totally different from Shukke (出家) a form of Buddhism like Nichirenshoshu. This does not necessarily mean that Soka Gakkai gave up all the teachings of Buddhism. This paper concludes by suggesting that Soka Gakkai can be regarded as a renovation of the Japanese Buddhism from the perspective of not only Makiguchi's discourse of value (價値論), but also from Toda Josei's (戶田城聖, 1900-1958) teachings about life (生命論).