스포츠 및 그 類似 槪念의 定義와 分類에 關한 考察

Abstract

This study aims to clarify and to classify sport and its related phenomena, with which it is often confused. The definitions of the three similar concepts treated in this paper are as follows: Play is any activity that is free, separate, unproductive, and governed by rules and makebelieve. Games are any form of playful competition in which the outcome is determined by physical skill, strategy, or chance, employed singly or in combination. Sport is any institutionalized game demanding the demonstration of physical prowess. The phenomenon of play is basic to the other two. The second phenomenon is game. The third phenomenon, which is the most recent of the three, is sport. The mere dominance of a phonomenon does not negate the importance and existence of the other two. Therefore, the dominance of sport does not negate the existence of play and game. Thus, all sports are games but not all games are sport, and all games are play but not all forms of play are games. Hilmi Ibrahim suggested three forms of play: Kinetic form, mental form, and social form. Roberts et a1. classified games into three categories: games of physical skill, games of strategy, and games of chance. Calillois advocated that four types of games exist among adults: Agon (competition), Alea (chance), Mimicry (simulation), and Ilink (vertigo). Although his classification started with games, which are not sport, Calillois carried it into the realm of sport. Peter McIntosh suggested four categories of sport: skill sport, combat sport, conquest sport, and eurhythmics. The fourth category is not in our opinion a sport.