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Structural Brain Alterations in Individuals at Ultra-high Risk for Psychosis: A Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies and Future Directions

Cited 46 time in Web of Science Cited 48 time in Scopus
Authors

Jung, Wi Hoon; Jang, Joon Hwan; Byun, Min Soo; An, Suk Kyoon; Kwon, Jun Soo

Issue Date
2010-12
Publisher
KOREAN ACAD MEDICAL SCIENCES
Citation
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE; Vol.25 12; 1700-1709
Keywords
SchizophreniaNeurodevelopmentPredictive MarkerPsychotic DisordersUltra-high-riskMagnetic Resonance Imaging
Abstract
Individuals at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for psychosis have become a major focus for research designed to explore markers for early detection of and clinical intervention in schizophrenia. In particular, structural magnetic resonance imaging studies in UHR individuals have provided important insight into the neurobiological basis of psychosis and have shown the brain changes associated with clinical risk factors. In this review, we describe the structural brain abnormalities in magnetic resonance images in UHR individuals. The current accumulated data demonstrate that abnormalities in the prefrontal and temporal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex occur before illness onset. These regions are compatible with the regions of structural deficits found in schizophrenia and first-episode patients. In addition, the burgeoning evidence suggests that such structural abnormalities are potential markers for the transition to psychosis. However, most findings to date are limited because they are from cross-sectional rather than longitudinal studies. Recently, researchers have emphasized neurodevelopmental considerations with respect to brain structural alterations in UHR individuals. Future studies should be conducted to characterize the differences in the brain developmental trajectory between UHR individuals and healthy controls using a longitudinal design. These new studies should contribute to early detection and management as well as provide more predictive markers of later psychosis.
ISSN
1011-8934
Language
English
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/78413
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2010.25.12.1700
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College of Medicine/School of Medicine (의과대학/대학원)Psychiatry (정신과학전공)Journal Papers (저널논문_정신과학전공)
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