唐代 「非樂府題七言轉韻體詩」 的創體意義

Abstract

詩在唐代, 其實是處在不斷發展、 不斷變動中的, 從唐初到盛、 中、 晚, 詩的外在形式也好, 內在體調也好, 都在不斷改革, 詩人們經常對各體詩的寫作方法, 進行各種實驗, 例如王維的五言詩 〈晦日游大理韋卿城南別業四聲依次用各六韻〉(全唐詩, 125:1245), 全首遞用平聲真文、 上聲有、 去聲寘未、 入聲屋沃等韻, 每十二句一換。 這雖然是一件小事, 然而, 當王維把它記在題目上來特別強調時, 它就是一個訊號, 透露出作者對押韻格式研究的重視。 如果我們更深入關心唐詩的進化軌跡, 將會看到更多不曾為前人發現的現象。 本文所提出的 「七言轉韻體」 就是受到長期誤解的詩體。 所謂 「七言轉韻體」, 是指以七言書寫, 一首至少轉一次韻以上, 每換一韻, 首句必須押韻; 使用律化的平仄律, 但律化的覆蓋率較小, 不強制句句入律, 句聯之間的黏對也較寬。 這樣的詩體, 在傳世的唐詩選本中, 都把它歸入七古類, 頂多是在七古裡面, 再細分為七言古詩和樂府歌行, 然後將它歸類為樂府歌行, 無人注意到它的本來面目。

During the first 150 years of Tang Dynasty is the variant period of the development of seven character poetry. There are just 7 seven-character poetry in Quantangshi before Du Fu chapter that are more than ten verses, and only 336 Seven-character eight-line regulated verse (Qilu). The quantity is for sure less than seven-character changing rhymes poetry. Seven-character changing rhymes poetry can be cauterized in two forms: Yue Fu title, and non Yue Fu title. Due to the origin of seven-character changing rhymes poetry comes from Yue Fu in Liang and Chen a dynasty, it is normal to have a poem with Yue Fu title. But ever since the appearance of Seven-character changing rhymes poetry, a kind of power has existed which eagers to get rid the influence of Yue Fu, not only the title but also its contents. Namely, if seven-character changing rhymes poetry wants to resemble five-character old poetry (Kushi) or five-character eight-line regulated verse (Wulu), it should be written freely of what the poets see and how they feel.

This effort can be seemed as to create a new form of poetry, its necessary to work towards this direction before Seven-character eight-line regulated verse and Seven-character old poetry establish their status. When it comes to the era of Du Fu, Seven-character eight-line regulated verse has no doubt become the representative of Seven-character short poetry in Dang Dynasty, and a through rhythm of Seven-character long poetry is also going to form a new genre of Seven-character old poetry (Qiku). Seven-character changing rhymes poetry then steps aside the main position of poetry genre, and is attached to Qiku as the name of Seven-character song or Yue Fu. This paper applies to on-site research to directly investigate Quantangshi as the spot evidence, hopefully can revert the historical truth of poetry development during this time.