都城計劃綜考 - 韓·中·日 比較硏究試論 -

Abstract

The present study proposes to trace the influence of the ancient Chines culture on the planning of royal city in Korea as well as the geographical factors in determining various types of Korean royal cities, by examining origins and forms as cross-cultural phenomena of the ancient royal cities in Chinese cultural realm. The ancient cities treated in this study are: Rakynag of Pukui (洛陽, 北魏) and Chang-An of Tang (長安, 唐) in China, Pyong-Yang of Kokuryo (平壤, 高句麗) and Kyongjoo of Shilla (慶州, 新羅) in Korea, and Hujihara (藤原京) and Heijokyo (平城京) in the ancient Japan. 1. The ancient city planning in China is in close accord with two typical mode Is of Jurai type (周禮型) and Chang. An type (長安型). Peking affords an

apt example of the former and Shian, that of the latter. Jurai, a ritual book of Ju (周) Dynasty, prescribes leading characteristics of a royal city: e.g., orientation to the cardinal points; a square shape girdled by walls; twelve gates in the walls signifying respectively

the twelve months; an inner precinct with the royal residences and audience halls; a pub lic market in the north of the inner enclosure; a principal street stretching from the south gate of the palace enclosure through the central south gate of the city wall; two sacred places

of the royal ancestral temple and the altar of the earth on either side of the principal street.