现代汉语的时制系统与 了, 着, 过 的表时功能

Abstract

This paper suggests a new system of tense in Contemporary Chinese and discusses the function of tense expression of le, zhe, guo. There are three main subject view points. Firs t, Any sentence has tense. Time factor may be explicit or recessive. Second, Both absolute tense and relative tense are reflected in contemporary Chinese. 1n the view of absolute tense, Chinese tense can be divided into two types: "have been done"("已然") and "wi11 be done"("末然")， and in the view of relative tense, Chinese tens巳can be divided into two types: "simultaneousness"(" 同 时") and "insimultaneousness" ("昪时"). Both have certain manifestation and opposition on grammar. Third, le, zhe， guo can be used to express "aspect" as well as "tense." As the markers of absolutβtense， they a11 express "have been done" not "will be done"; as the markers of relative tense, 2he expresses the simultaneousness, le, guo express insimultane-different. The appearence of different tense function is restricted by different syntax conditions. Fourth, There are states that absolute tense contains relative tense in Contemporary Chineses.