Effects of Energy Modulation and Non Starch Polysaccharide Enzyme on Physiological Responses, Reproductive Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Sows

Abstract

Overall Summary

Effects of Energy Modulation and Non Starch Polysaccharide Enzyme on Physiological Responses, Reproductive Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Sows

The objectives of these experiments were 1) to investigate the effect of energy modulation and NSP(Non starch polysaccharide) enzyme supplementation in gestation diet on physiological responses and reproductive performance of sows, 2) to investigate the effect of energy modulation and NSP enzyme supplementation in lactation diet on physiological responses and reproductive performance of lactating sows, and 3) to investigate the effect of dietary energy modulation and NSP enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility of gestating sows.

Experiment I. Effects of Energy Modulation and NSP Enzyme Supplementation in Gestation Diet on Physiological Responses and Reproductive Performance of Sows

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary energy levels and enzyme supplementation in gestation diet on physiological responses and reproductive performance of sows. A total of 37 multiparous sows (F1, Yorkshire x Landrace, 4.9±1.6 parity

Darby, Korea) with an initial BW of 216.9 ± 19.6 kg were alloted to one of four treatments with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was dietary energy levels (3,165 or 3,265 kcal of ME/kg), and the second factor was a NSP enzyme complex (α-galactosidase + galactomannanase+ xylanase + β-glucanase

EASY BIO, Inc., Korea). The experimental diets containing different energy levels and with or without supplementation of 0.1% NSP enzyme were supplied in gestation period according to each treatment. All other nutrients were met or exceeded the requirements of NRC (1998), and sows were fed 2.4 kg of diet daily during gestation. During lactation, the same diet was provided ad libitum regardless of dietary treatments during gestation with a free access to water. During the whole experimental period, there were no significant differences in the results of body weight, backfat thickness, and ADFI in lactation. Even though the significant effects were not detected in body weight, backfat thickness and ADFI during lactation, sows fed diets containing NSP enzyme showed numerically reduced body weight change(0-21 d). In the results of reproductive performance and litter growth, the average weight of piglets at birth ware improved when sows were fed high energy (energy response, P<0.01) and enzyme diets (enzyme response, P<0.03), and sows fed diet containing 3,265 kcal of ME/kg with 0.1% NSP enzyme showed numerical decrease of litter size without significant difference. Increased plasma concentrations of progesterone at mating and insulin at 70 d were observed when NSP enzyme was added to gestation diet (enzyme response, P<0.05), and decreased plasma concentration of glucose at 110 d was observed when dietary energy level increased (energy response, P<0.05). The colostrum and milk compositions during lactation including milk fat, protein, total solid and solids-not-fat were not affected by dietary treatments, and the content of lactose at 7 d of lactation was increased when NSP enzyme was added to gestation diet (enzyme response, P<0.05). Consequently, feeding diet containing 0.10% NSP enzymes regardless of energy levels showed benefit effects on body weight and back fat thickness change of sows, and the effects of supplementing NSP enzyme was increased as dietary energy level decreased.

Experiment II. Effects of Energy Modulation and NSP Enzyme Supplementation in Lactation Diet on Physiological Responses and Reproductive Performance of Lactating Sows

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy levels and NSP enzyme supplementation in lactation diet on physiological response and reproductive performance of lactating sows. A total of 40 mixed-parity sows (F1, Yorkshire x Landrace, 5.8±0.8 parity

Darby, Korea) with an initial BW of 249.66 ± 8.86 kg were used for a trial, and were allotted to one of four treatments based on BW and backfat thickness in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement after farrowing. The first factor was energy level in diets (3,165 or 3,265 kcal of ME/kg), and the second factor was NSP enzyme complex inclusion (α-galactosidase + galactomannanase+ xylanase + β-glucanase

EASY BIO, Inc., Korea). The experimental diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal and contained 18.98 or 18.88% crude protein, 0.99% lysine, 0.75% Ca, and 0.64% total P, and all other nutrients were met or exceeded the requirements of NRC (1998). During lactation, experimental diets were provided ad libitum regardless of dietary treatments with a free access to water. The body weight change of sows was not affected by dietary treatments and numerical reduction of body weight loss from 0 to 21 d of lactation was observed in sows fed diet contained 3,265 kcal of ME/kg compared with those fed diet contained 3,165 kcal of ME/kg in lactation (P=0.09). Interaction effect between dietary energy level and enzyme supplementation was observed in the result of backfat thickness at 21 d postpartum (interaction effect, P<0.05), and WEI of sows was not differed among treatments after weaning. However, ADFI in lactation was decreased when sows were fed high energy (energy response, P<0.01) and enzyme diets (enzyme response, P<0.01). Feeding diets containing 3,265 ME kcal/kg or 0.10% NSP enzyme had no effects on litter size and litter performance of lactating sows except for the average weight gain of piglets from 0 to 21 d of lactation (energy response, P<0.05), and the contents of fat, protein, total solid and solids-not-fat in colostrum and milk also were not changed by dietary treatments. The content of milk lactose at 21 d of lactation tended to be increased when sows were fed diet containing 3,265 kcal of ME/kg compared with those fed diet containing 3,165 kcal of ME/kg (P=0.09). Consequently, when sows were fed low energy diet (3,165 kcal of ME/kg) with dietary NSP enzyme, they showed similar physiological responses and litter performance of lactating sows compared to those fed high energy diet (3,265 kcal of ME/kg).

Experiment III. Effects of Energy Modulation and NSP Enzyme Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility of Gestating Sows

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary energy levels and enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility of gestating sows. Four multiparous sows (Yorkshire × Landrace) were allotted in a repeated 4 × 4 Latin-square design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangements. Four treatments were arranged with 2 main factors of energy levels (3,165 or 3,265 kcal of ME/kg) or enzyme supplementation (0 or 0.1% of NSP enzyme

α-galactosidase + galactomannanase+ xylanase + β-glucanase

EASY BIO, Inc., Korea). After 5 days of adaptation, the excreta were collected for 4 days to analyze the digestibilities of dry matter, protein, ash and fat. There was no significant difference in the results of body weight and backfat thickness during the whole collection period, but numerically improved changes of backfat thickness were detected when sows were fed diet containing 3,165 kcal of ME/kg with 0.10% NSP enzyme compared with those fed low energy diet without NSP enzyme. When sows were fed high energy diets, improved digestibilities of ash and fat were observed relative to those fed low energy diets (energy response, P<0.01), and the interaction effect between dietary energy level and supplementation level of NSP enzyme was observed in the digestibilities of dry matter and ash (interaction effect, P=0.07 for dry matter and P<0.05 for ash), resulted in higher effects of supplementing NSP enzyme in sows fed low energy diet. This study demonstrated that supplementing NSP enzyme contributed a positive effect on digestibilities of dry matter, crude fiber and ash when sows were fed low energy diet (3,165 kcal of ME/kg).