Two Policy Issues in the Middle East Countries: The Role of Energy in Economic Growth and Implementation TQM on HRF in Yemen

Abstract

The main purpose of the first essay in this research is to analyze the long-run equilibrium and examine causality and its direction between oil consumption and oil export and economic growth in United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran and Iraq and the possibility of existence of a long run relationship between these variables using data covering the period from 1980 to 2010. This research uses co-integration framework and Granger causality test to analyze the relationship between economic growth and oil consumption and oil export variables In United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran and Iraq. We found cointegration between gdp and oil consumptions for Emirates, Bahrain and Oman. Also cointegration exist between gdp and oil exports for Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq. The empirical result of this research shows that these countries were classified into three groups. The first group, whose economic growth was in a state of equilibrium with the oil consumption, consisted of the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Oman. The second group, whose economic growth was in a state of equilibrium with the oil exports, consisted of Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Iraq. The third group, whose economic growth was not in a state of equilibrium with both the oil consumption and the oil exports, consisted only of Kuwait. The results of this study can be used as fundamental data for a further study on the economic growth in the Middle East countries. The second essay explains and investigates the growing interest in theory and in practice with regard to the relationship between human resources management HRM and total quality management TQM as well as the relationship between these two perspectives and business performances in the Yemen Ministry of Oil and Minerals. Empirical research studies the effects of the TQM on HRM and the performances of an organization. The author have hypothesized that implementation of TQM has a positive effect on the human resources functions like planning, training, recruiting, and rewarding in the Ministry of Oil and Minerals which referred by the Yemen Ministry of Oil and Minerals MOM . An interview was held with the MOM employees from top management and supervisory level, to collect data from them.A questionnaire was also distributed.