토마스 아퀴나스의 죄 이해: 어거스틴 죄 이해의 비교를 통한 재고

Abstract

Aquinas reconstructs Augustine's idea of sin on the basis of Aristotles philosophical system that highlights actual particular realities rather than Platos abstract universal reality of form. He accepts Augustines idea of sin as starting from the human moral evil of Adam's fall, but rejects its biological inheritance to all humans. Augustine argues sin in the universal dimension of faith by which the will returns back to God, while Aquinas addresses it in the actual dimension of reason by which the will rationally realizes natural law proceeded from God the eternal law. Sin for Augustine originates in the human misuse of free will which anxious for the help of grace because of its universal bondage to sin. But sin for Aquinas comes form the disuse of reason which calls for the wills full exercise of it. Sin is neither a wrong product of Gods creation, nor a result of the Satans temptation, but a human-creating reality contingently present in particular living contexts. Hence humans must engage themselves in cultivating the virtuous character of the will, so that they can overcome the power of sin originated in the antagonism of desire over reason in the will.