Dynamics of alloplastic bone graft on an early stage of corticotomy-facilitated orthodontic tooth movement in beagle dogs.

Abstract

Introduction Corticotomy is known to be the most effective means to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, but the effect only lasts a relatively short time. The immediate periodontal response has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate periodontal response to a corticotomy with alloplastic bone grafts in beagle dogs.

Method Five adult male beagle dogs were used the experiment. Orthodontic appliances were custom-made for each study model. The circumscribing corticotomy and alloplastic bone graft was performed. A closed coil spring made of nickel-titanium shape memory wire of 200 g force was applied to the second and third premolars in a bucco-lingual direction. The animals were euthanized after 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks following the surgery. The sections containing the canine to the fourth premolar were retrieved. Histological examinations were conducted using a light microscope

Result The results demonstrated that measurable tooth movement began as early as 3 days after the intervention in beagle dogs. It was difficult to determine the hyalinization layer in the 1- and 3-day slides. Interestingly, new bone surrounding the graft materials was observed on the compression side on the 2-week slides. The present study supported the hypothesis that tooth movement with an augmented corticotomy might enhance orthodontic tooth movement, because we found new bone formation at the buccal surface.

Conclusion The findings from this study suggest that measurable tooth movement starts as early as in 3 days after augmented corticotomy-facilitated orthodontic treatment, and that this procedure might enhance the condition of periodontal tissue and the stability of orthodontic treatment outcomes.