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Regulation of Synapse Development and Neuronal Survival by Spartin, a Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) Protein : 유전경직성하반신마비 단백질인 Spartin에 의한 시냅스 성장과 신경세포 생존의 조절

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dc.contributor.advisor이승복-
dc.contributor.author이민정-
dc.date.accessioned2017-07-14T05:49:16Z-
dc.date.available2017-07-14T05:49:16Z-
dc.date.issued2013-08-
dc.identifier.other000000013832-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/125190-
dc.description학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 치의과학과 신경생물학 전공, 2013. 8. 이승복.-
dc.description.abstractTroyer 증후군은 complicated HSP의 한 종류로써, 지금까지 Troyer 증후군과 관련된 원인 유전자는 spartin (SPG20)이 밝혀져 있다. 본 연구는 초파리를 동물 모델로 이용하여, Spartin의 시냅스 전 말단에서의 기능과 Troyer 증후군의 병리기전을 규명하였다.
Spartin은 시냅스 막과 early endosome에서 특이적으로 발현되며, endocytic adaptor 단백질인 Eps15와 상호작용을 통해 시냅스 성장과 기능을 조절함을 밝혔다. Spartin은 시냅스 전 말단에 존재하는 BMP 수용체인 Wishful Thinking (Wit)의 endocytic degradation을 유도하여 BMP 신호전달을 억제함으로써 시냅스 성장을 저해하며, 이러한 Spartin/BMP 신호전달은 Drosophila fragile X mental retardation protein (dFMRP)-Futsch 신호전달과정을 통하여 미세소관의 안정성을 유도함으로써 시냅스 성장을 억제함을 규명하였다. 시냅스의 기능과 더불어 spartin의 결손과 BMP 신호전달의 과도한 활성은 HSP 환자들에서 보고된 age-dependent한 운동장애가 관찰되었다. 또한 돌연변이 성체 뇌에서 neurodegeneration에 의한 vacuole 형성이 확인되었으며 이러한 vacuole 형성은 신경세포의 사멸에 의해 유도됨을 규명하였다. 특히 spartin 돌연변이에서 관찰된 시냅스의 과 성장과 성체 뇌의 neurodegeneration에 의한 이상은 미세소관의 안정성을 저해하는 약물인 Vinblastine (VB)에 의해 모두 회복됨을 관찰하였다. Spartin이 BMP-dFMRP-Futsch 신호전달을 억제하여 미세소관 안정성을 조절하며, 이를 통해 시냅스 성장과 신경 세포 사멸을 억제함를 밝힌 본 연구는 미세소관의 비정상적인 안정성 조절이 Troyer 증후군이 유발되는 핵심기전임을 제시한다.
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dc.description.abstractTroyer syndrome is a hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by human spartin (SPG20) gene mutations. I have generated a Drosophila disease model showing that Spartin functions presynaptically with endocytic adaptor Eps15 to regulate synaptic growth and function. Spartin inhibits bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling by promoting endocytic degradation of BMP receptor Wishful Thinking (Wit). Drosophila Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (dFMRP) and Futsch/MAP1B are downstream effectors of Spartin and BMP signaling in regulating microtubule stability and synaptic growth. Loss of Spartin or elevation of BMP signaling induces age-dependent progressive defects resembling hereditary spastic paraplegias, including motor dysfunction and brain neurodegeneration. Null spartin phenotypes are prevented by administration of the microtubule-destabilizing drug vinblastine. Together, these results demonstrate that Spartin regulates both synaptic development and neuronal survival by controlling microtubule stability via the BMP-FMRP-Futsch pathway, suggesting that impaired regulation of microtubule stability is a core pathogenic component in Troyer syndrome.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsCONTENTS

ABSTRACT
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
ABREVIATIONS

I. Introduction
1. Retrograde Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Signaling in Synapse Development
2. Troyer Syndrome, Is an Autosomal Recessive Form of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia that Is Caused by Loss-of-Function Mutations in the spartin Gene (SPG20)
3. The Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) and Adult Brain
4. Rationale and Outline of the Thesis Experiments
II. Materials and Methods
1. Drosophila Stocks and Transgenes
2. Molecular Biology
3. Cell Culture and Double-Stranded RNA Interference
4. Generation of Anti-Spartin Antibody and Western Blot Analysis
5. Immunohistochemistry and Imaging of Larval NMJs
6. Electrophysiology and FM1-43 Uptake Assays
7. Histology, Immunostaining, and TUNEL Staining of Adult Brains
8. Adult Behavioral Analysis
9. Statistical Analysis
III. Results
1. Generation of spartin Null Mutant
2. Spartin Is Localized Presynaptically at the NMJ
3. Spartin Is Required Presynaptically for Normal Synaptic Growth
4. Spartin Is Required Presynaptically for NMJ Neurotransmission
5. Spartin Interacts with Eps15 to Regulate Synaptic Growth and Synaptic Endocytosis
6. Spartin Inhibits BMP Signaling by Endocytic Downregulation of the Type II BMP Receptor Wit
7. Spartin Regulates Synaptic Growth by Modulating Microtubule Stability through Futsch
8. Spartin and BMP Signaling Regulate the Expression of dFMR1, a Negative Regulator of Futsch
9. Loss of spartin Function in Neurons Causes Movement Defects and Progressive Neurodegeneration
10. Spartin/BMP-Mediated Regulation of Microtubule Stability Is Critical for Neuronal Survival

IV. Discussion
V. References

ABSTRACT IN KOREAN
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dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent6593579 bytes-
dc.format.mediumapplication/pdf-
dc.language.isoen-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subjectHereditary spastic paraplegia-
dc.subjectTroyer syndrome-
dc.subjectSpartin-
dc.subjectMicrotubule stability-
dc.subjectBMP signaling-
dc.subjectNMJ synapse-
dc.subjectNeuronal survival-
dc.subject.ddc617-
dc.titleRegulation of Synapse Development and Neuronal Survival by Spartin, a Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) Protein-
dc.title.alternative유전경직성하반신마비 단백질인 Spartin에 의한 시냅스 성장과 신경세포 생존의 조절-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.description.degreeDoctor-
dc.citation.pagesix, 101-
dc.contributor.affiliation치과대학 치의과학과-
dc.date.awarded2013-08-
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