Identification of Plant Compounds that Disrupt the Insect Juvenile Hormone Receptor Complex

Abstract

Insects impact human health through vector-borne diseases and cause major economic losses by damaging crops and stored agricultural products. Insect-specific growth regulators represent attractive control agents because of their safety to both humans and the environment. We identified plant compounds that serve as juvenile hormone antagonists (PJHANs). Using the yeast two hybrid system transformed with the mosquito JH receptor as a reporter system, we demonstrate that PJHANs affect the JH receptor, methoprene-tolerant (Met), by disrupting its complex with CYCLE or FISC, formation of which is required for mediating JH activity. We isolated five diterpene secondary metabolites with JH antagonist activity from two plants: Lindera erythrocarpa and Solidago serotina. They are effective at causing mortality of mosquito larvae at relatively low LD50 values. Topical application of two diterpenes caused a reduction in the expression of Met target genes as well as the retardation of follicle development in mosquito ovaries. Hence, the newly discovered PJHANs may lead to the development of a new class of safe and effective pesticides.