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Evolution of Acquiescence/Estoppel: The Dilemma of Justice

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dc.contributor.advisorChung In Seop-
dc.contributor.author톨티니-
dc.date.accessioned2017-07-19T03:28:25Z-
dc.date.available2017-07-19T03:28:25Z-
dc.date.issued2013-08-
dc.identifier.other000000013268-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/128551-
dc.description학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 법학과, 2013. 8. Chung In Seop.-
dc.description.abstract1962 년 국제사법재판소(ICJ)가 프레아 비헤아르 사원(Temple of Preah Vihear)이
캄보디아에 귀속한다고 확인하였을 때, 이러한 재판소의 판단이 정의의 관념에서
불공정(equitably unfair)하며 법적으로도 잘못되었다는 많은 비판이 있었다. 비판의
핵심은 재판소의 판단이 소위 묵인의 금반언(estoppels by acquiescence)이라는 정의의
원칙에 반한다는 것이다. 이러한 비판에 따르면 재판소는 „묵인‟의 의미를 잘못
이해하였으며, 그로 인해 위 법칙의 함의가 초기 목적과 범위에서 벖어나게 되었다는
것이다.
본고 묵인/금반언의 진화: 정의의 딜레마는 위 재판소의 결정에 대한 비판적인 견해의
논거들을 검토하고자 한다. 본고에서는 관련된 다른 사건들과의 비교를 통하여, 프레아
비헤아르 사원 사건에서 묵인의 법칙이 법적으로 정당하게 적용될 수 있는가에 대하여
검토하고자 한다. 또한 한 걸음 더 나아가, 앞서의 비판적인 견해들이 얼마나 법률적으로
그리고 정의의 관념에서 합리적인지에 대하여 심도 있게 검토한 후에, 이 사건에서 묵인의
법칙이 법원에 의하여 얼마나 일관성 있게 적용되고 있는가 평가해보고자 한다.
마지막으로 이 사건의 특수성에 대한 분석을 통하여, 본고는 묵인의 법칙이 정의와 공정의
경계를 준수하면서 어느 범위에까지 적용될 수 있는가에 대한 제안을 하며 마무리짓고자
한다.
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dc.description.abstractIn 1962, when the International Court of Justice (ICJ) awarded the Temple of Preah Vihear to
Cambodia, there were a growing number of critics, which accused the Judgment of being
equitably unfair and legally mistaken. Those critics strongly condemned the Court of misusing
the equitable principle, so called estoppel by acquiescence. They contended that the Court had
misinterpreted the term of acquiescence, and that wrong interpretation had shifted the
implication of the principle away from its initial objective and scope.
This thesis, Evolution of Acquiescence/Estoppel: The Dilemma of Justice, is intended to
explore those reasons with which critics expressed strong disapproval of the Courts decision. By
comparing to other relevant case studies, this paper attempts to analyse and to discover whether
there was a legal relation between the centre of the dispute and the justification for
acquiescence. Furthermore, it will deeply examine how legally and equitably reasonable those
critics were, before evaluating whether the principle of acquiescence in this case has been
consistently implemented by the Court.
Finally, by analysing the particularities of this dispute, this paper will provide suggestions, in
regard to what extent the principle of acquiescence may possibly be applied in order to maintain
its boundary of justice and fairness.
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dc.description.tableofcontentsAcknowledgement i
Abstract iii
Table of Contents iv
Table of Cases vi
Table of Abbreviations viii
Table of Figures ix
Chapter I: Introduction 1
Section 1: Definition of Acquiescence/Estoppel 1
Section 2: Origin of the Preah Vihear Dispute and Legal Questions 4
Section 3: Structure of the Thesis 8
Chapter II: ICJs 1962 Judgment and Its Judicial Consequences 10
Section 1: Overview of Judgment 10
A. Cambodias Claim 10
B. Thailands Defense 12
C. Majority Support 15
D. Critiques of Judgment 23
Section 2: Unsolved Disputes and Controversies over Settlement 28
A. Overlapping Claims Area, OCA (4.6 km²) 29
1. Dispute Outbreak and Thailands Insistence 29
2. Implication of the 1962 Judgement 33
B. Controversial Settlement Mechanisms 36
1. Thailands Bilateral Approach 36
2. Cambodian Third Party Resolution 38
Section 3: Summary 40
Chapter III: The Franco-Siam Treaties and the Subsequent Acquiescence/Estoppel 42
Section 1: Validity of the Franco-Siam Treaty of 1904 and 1907 42
A. Nature of the Treaties and Maps 42
B. Formation of a Valid Treaty 44
1. Purpose of Treaty 44
2. Unilateral Error 48
3. Possible Fraud 51
4. Colonial Coercion 53
Section 2: Concept of Acquiescence/Estoppel 54
A. Origin and Recognition 54
1. Origin 54
2. Recognition 56
B. Condition(s) of Acquiescence/Estoppel 59
1. Tacit Consent (Silence) 59
2. Unilateral Declaration 62
3. Peaceful/ Effective Occupation 64
4. Failure to Protest 67
5. Long Term Acceptance 69
6. Recognition of Title 71
7. Absence of Knowledge 72
Section 3: Summary 74
Chapter IV: Imperfection of Acquiescence, and Other Considerable Relevances 76
Section 1: Legal Foundation of Acquiescence/Estoppel 76
A. Good Faith, Pacta Sunt Servanda 76
B. Development and Challenges 82
Section 2: Other Legal and Moral Relevances 89
A. Contributory Negligences 89
B. History, Culture and Moral Value 92
Section 3: Summary 94
Chapter V: Conclusion 96
References 104
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dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.extent2209540 bytes-
dc.format.mediumapplication/pdf-
dc.language.isoen-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subjectEvolution of Acquiescence/Estoppel: The Dilemma of Justice-
dc.subject.ddc340-
dc.titleEvolution of Acquiescence/Estoppel: The Dilemma of Justice-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.description.degreeMaster-
dc.citation.pages110-
dc.contributor.affiliation법학전문대학원 법학과-
dc.date.awarded2013-08-
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