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Behavior analysis of clones and its offspring as detecting dog : 복제견과 자손의 탐지견 자질에 관한 연구

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Authors

이지현

Advisor
이병천
Major
수의과대학 수의학과
Issue Date
2015-02
Publisher
서울대학교 대학원
Keywords
Puppy aptitude testCloned dogDrug detecting dogSelection rateReproductive normalityBehavior traits
Description
학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 수의학과, 2015. 2. 이병천.
Abstract
Dogs are used as a companion animal, hunter, shepherd, rescuer, courier, postman, border patrol, criminal investigator, customs officer, natural resource etc. Korea customs service has been using detector dog in airport and seaport to screen illegal narcotics and explosives since 1988. In order to produce a better detector dog, it is most important to procure a better candidate dog for training. Korea customs service has been conducting breeding program between dogs that have excellent detection ability, but there have been obstacles including availability range, population, age of possible candidates, and hereditary. Above all, possession of male and females excellent traits did not guarantee inheritance of their outstanding qualities to the offspring.to solve these problems, seven cloned dogs (named Toppies) were cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) using fibroblasts derived from a male Labrador retriever possessing superior drug detection ability. Although genetic identity of the clones with the donor dog was confirmed, similarities in behavior and drug-detecting ability of the clones were not examined. Therefore, I hypothesized that cloning of excellent dogs can produce dogs that have proper behavior temperaments for the detection training. Furthermore, this study investigated the behavior related to the training of offspring of cloned male.
In first experiment, behavior traits of seven cloned dog puppies and four control puppies at 9-12 week old age were analyzed by Campbell test which has commonly been used for puppy selection and evaluated tendency of dominance. Campbell test consists of social attraction, following, social domination, elevation and dominance, then, according to the results, the dogs are categorized into one of six types
Type 1 is excessive dominant, type 2 is dominant, type 3 is balanced submissive, type 4 is submissive, type 5 is excessive submissive and type 6 is independent Among these types, type 1, type 2 and type 3 are regarded as suitable for working dog. In second experiment, behavior traits of cloned dogs offspring at seven weeks old age was assessed by Volhard puppy aptitude test (modified Campbell test), Toman litter test, and mirror test. 10 offspring were produced by breeding between one cloned male (Toppy-Tuesday) and a female in Korea Customs Service detector dog training center (KCS DDTC). Volhard puppy aptitude test consisted of nine subtests
social attraction, following, restraint, social dominance, elevation dominance, retrieving, touch sensitivity, sound sensitivity and sight sensitivity. According to the results, puppies are categorized to six groups, the same as in the experiment 1.Toman litter test consists of moving a puppy into a strange building, arrival of test leader (TL), bringing food, throwing an object into puppies, a strange noise, TL stays with the dogs continuously and bring food and is used to determine the level of socialization and domination in a litter. In Toman litter test, puppies were divided into four types (L type, F type, R type, and A type) and L type is suitable for working dog. Mirror test was conducted to identify the socialization level of puppies, and results were used to evaluate normality of reaction against a mirror. In both experiments, all puppies were trained according to the Korea Customs Detector Dog Training Centers training manual after the tests, then final selection test was performed. For statistical analysis, individual scores of Campbell test were compared by general lineal mixed model using SAS 9.3. Correlation between final training score and mature weight of cloned dogs offspring was analyzed by Fishers exact tests using GraphPad Prism 4.02. Significance level was 0.05.
In the first experiment, Campbell test results showed that although To-Wedn is significantly different from To-Mon (P=0.0031) and To-Thur (P=0.0098), scores of all subtests between cloned and control groups were significantly different (P<0.0001). The success ratio for detector dog training in the cloned puppies was higher (86%) than in control dogs (30%). In the second experiment, cloned male had normal reproductive abilities
his offspring were healthy and had no abnormalities in morphology and development. Volhard puppy aptitude test results showed that only six dogs received type 2 or 3 among 10 offspring (60%). In Toman litter test, only three dogs exhibited type 2 which was same as the cloned male. In mirror test, 7 puppies received normal grade and 3 puppies reacted abnormally. Success rate for training of the 10 offspring was 60%, which was significantly higher than mean success rate (42.5%) of Korea Customs Service detector dog training center.
In conclusion, cloned puppies derived from drug detection dog that possessed superior ability had behavioral consistency and higher average of success rates compared to natural-bred puppies. The cloned dog showed normal reproductive performance, but its offspring showed inconsistent behavior. Therefore, drug detection dogs with high performance can be produced more efficiently using SCNT than conventional breeding.
Language
English
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/133730
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