기부행동의 영향요인에 대한 탐색적 연구 - 소득수준, 자아존중감, 복지책임주체를 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of household income, self-esteem and welfare responsibility on charitable giving. Our society is very complex and getting more complicated as peoples' new needs emerge. Neither the government nor the market is in the best position to satisfy their wants and needs, and thus there is a growing value and interest in charitable giving. However, the majority of published papers we reviewed have focused on identifying the demographic factors and their findings are not systematically organized. Although previous research provides us with valuable insights into charitable giving, most of them are descriptive in nature. Studying descriptive aspects of charitable giving may fail to improve the level of our understanding about the factors that inhibit or encourage charitable giving. In this study we want to consider a broader range of theories that may explain the underlying motivation for on charitable giving. This study considers the permanent income hypothesis, the Maslows hierarchy of needs theory, and crowding-out effect, and investigate the influence factors for charitable giving. Based on the previous studies, three operational definitions of charitable giving are suggested : participate to donate money or not, how much to donate and how much to give as a proportion of income.

Three research questions are asked. First, what is the relationship between income, self-esteem, welfare responsibility and participate to donate or not? Second, what is the relationship between income, self-esteem, welfare responsibility and amount of donation? Third, what is the relationship between income, self-esteem, welfare responsibility and amount of donation as percentages of income? To answer these research questions, this study used secondary data from the cross-sectional version of the Korean Welfare Panel Study(2013)

4,213 cases from welfare attitude additional survey. In order to analyze the data, Type Ⅱ Tobit model by Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE) was used.

The major findings of the present study are as follows. First, the statistical results showed that household income and self-esteem have positive influence on participation in charitable giving. However, welfare responsibility has negative impact on participation in charitable giving. In the other words, the people with higher levels of household income, higher levels of self-esteem and attitude that each individual is responsible for welfare are more likely to participate in charitable giving. Second, household income was the only salient factor for amount of donation, implying that the people with higher level of income are giving more money than those with lower level of income. Self-esteem and welfare responsibility were not statistically significant in explaining the variability of amount of donation. Third, only household income level has been found to be negatively related to charitable giving as percentages of income, implying that the rate of increase in donation is lower than that of income. Self-esteem and welfare responsibility were not related to charitable giving as percentages of income, along with amount of donation.

These findings provide the basis for restructuring public interventions in social work practice. First, this study identified that the people with higher levels of household income are more likely to participate in charitable giving. Therefore, there is strong need for raising low income group's participation in charitable giving. Also interventions about self-realization are required, as self-esteem has positive influence on participation in charitable giving. As the people with attitude that each individual is responsible for welfare are more likely to participate in charitable giving, we propose that the government needs to provide social services through private sector or private organizations. Second, since the motivations for participating in charitable giving is somewhat different from factors for influencing the amount of donation, separate policies need to be established for each purpose. Third, to increase amount of donation, there is a need for systematic intervention for increasing high income brackets proportion of income donated.