Relationships between oral MUC1 expression and salivary hormones in burning mouth syndrome

Abstract

Objectives: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a complex disease whose etiopathophysiology is still vague, but dysregulated psychoendocrinological mechanisms and altered oral mucosal integrity have been regarded as significant factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among oral mucosal epithelial MUC1 expression, salivary female gonadal hormones, stress markers, and oral symptoms in BMS patients. Materials and Methods: Thirty post-menopausal female patients with BMS (60.0 ± 5.0 years) were included. Clinical and psychological evaluations were performed and the expression level of oral mucosal epithelial MUC1 was analyzed. The levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 17β-estradiol, progesterone, chromogranin A, and blood contamination were determined from unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) and stimulated whole saliva (SWS) samples. Results: Salivary progesterone level had significant positive correlations with oral mucosal epithelial MUC1 expression level and with salivary cortisol and DHEA levels. The salivary level of 17β-estradiol showed significant positive correlations with period of symptom duration, severity of effects of oral complaints on daily life, and results from psychological evaluations. Cortisol level in UWS and cortisol/DHEA ratio in UWS and SWS had negative correlations with severity of oral burning sensation significantly. The severity of taste disturbance had positive correlations with results from psychometry significantly. Conclusions: Dysregulated psychoendocrinological interactions might affect oral mucosal MUC1 expression and severity of oral burning sensation in post-menopausal BMS patients.