The Novel Effects of 5-(3',4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ- valerolactone, a major Metabolite of Procyanidins, on C2C12 Murine Myoblasts Myogenesis

Abstract

Procyanidins have many health benefits. After intake, procyanidins are degraded into small metabolites by gastrointestinal microorganisms. According to a previous study, 5-(3',4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone is the most abundant among these metabolites. The object of this study is to determine the effects of DHPV on muscle and whether DHPV could recover aged muscle to normal. TGF-β is connected to muscle aging and attenuates the muscle differentiation and inhibits myogenesis. In this study, I measured myoD, myogenin, and the myosin heavy chain expression level to determine whether DHPV improved the myogenesis of C2C12, which had been inhibited by a TGF-β treatment. The results show that the RNA and protein expression level of these 3 biomarkers increases in the DHPV treated group in comparison to TGF-β only treated. In addition, DHPV modulated the TGF-β signaling pathway and C2C12 myogenesis by regulating p-smad2/3, p-JNK, p-ERK and p-p38 expression. Taken together, it may be suggested that DHPV is an ideal therapeutic candidate for recovering myogenesis and muscle differentiation evoked by aging.