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A Case Study on Ecuadors Health Reform towards Universal Health Coverage: Challenges and Achievements : 보편적 의료보장을 위한 에콰도르 개혁사례연구: 도전과 성과

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dc.contributor.advisor이수영-
dc.contributor.author마리아-
dc.date.accessioned2018-12-03T01:31:31Z-
dc.date.available2018-12-03T01:31:31Z-
dc.date.issued2018-08-
dc.identifier.other000000151739-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/143590-
dc.description학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 행정대학원 글로벌행정전공, 2018. 8. 이수영.-
dc.description.abstract보편적 의료보장(Universal Health Coverage: UHC)은 건강증진뿐만 아니라 경제성장과 발전을 이끄는 세계 보건 목표이다. 정치적, 경제적, 사회적 위기를 거친 후 에콰도르 정부는 국민의 UHC를 달성하기 위하여 일련의 제도개혁을 실시하였다. 헌법상의 권리에 기반하여 UHC는 에콰도르의 기본 보건 목표가 되었다. 본 연구에서는 에콰도르의 국립보건시스템 개혁 사례를 검토하고자 한다. 제도개혁은 기술적 분석과 WHO의 UHC 지표를 활용한 변수를 바탕으로 분석하였다. UHC는 건강권, 인구보장범위, 건강재정시스템, 의료접근성의 네 가지 차원에서 분석하였다. 또한, 개혁의 성과와 도전은 신제도주의 이론에 기반하여 제도적 변화의 관점에서 논의하였다. 연구 결과, UHC 성과목표 달성에 주목할만한 발전이 있었지만, 정부의 보건기금 지원능력과 제도적 한계를 감안할 때 여전히 목표 달성 정도가 낮음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구는 공공보건시스템의 역사적 분절화 현상을 바로잡는 것을 (분절화 된 공공보건시스템의 개선을) 목표로 하는 통합건강모형

(Integral Health Model)과 통합건강네트워크(Integral Public Health Network)의 채택을 통해 NHS의 제도적 구조를 개선하려는 정부의 시도를 기술하고 있다. 연구 결과, 유의미한 예산 증대에도 불구하고 이러한 시도가 점증적인 지표 개선으로만 이어졌음을 알 수 있었다. 정부가 직면한 또 다른 과제는 공적 보험제도하에서 낮은 보험적용비율과 높은 가계지출비용이다. 본 연구에서 제시된 과제들을 해결한다면, 향후 에콰도르 정부가 UHC의 성취도를 높이고 빈곤과 악화된 빈부격차를 해소하는 기회가 될 것이다.
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dc.description.abstractUniversal Health Coverage (UHC) is a global health goal that does not only translate into good health outcomes but also drives economic growth and development. After a period of deep political, economic and social crisis, the Ecuadorian government identified the need to improve the National Health System (NHS) through a series of institutional reforms with the goal of achieving UHC for the Ecuadorian population. With the recognition of the right to health in the Constitution, UHC has become a fundamental health goal for Ecuador. This study aims to explore the trajectory of the NHS reforms in Ecuador. The reforms are analyzed using a descriptive approach and referencing a selection of indicators utilized by the WHO for monitoring UHC. Four dimensions of UHC are analyzed: the right to health, population coverage, health financing systems and access to services. Moreover, the achievements and challenges of the reforms are discussed from the perspective of institutional change using the New Institutionalism theory. Findings show that there have been noteworthy advancements towards the attainment of UHC-
dc.description.abstracthowever, this goal is still on the far side considering the institutional limitations, as well as the ability of the government to sustain health funding. The study describes the governments attempt to improve the institutional architecture of the NHS through the adoption of the Integral Health Model and the Integral Public Health Network, aimed at fixing the historic fragmentation of the public health system. However, findings show these attempts have only been incremental despite the significant increase in health budget. Other key challenges for the government include the low coverage rate under the public insurance scheme as well as the high rate of out-of-pocket expenses incurred by households. Tackling some of the challenges presented in this study represents an opportunity for future governments to move closer towards the attainment of UHC and reduce poverty and the deep-grounded inequalities characteristic of Ecuador.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Problem Statement and Objectives 3

1.2 Methodology 9

CHAPTER 2: LITERARY REVIEW 10

2.1 Theoretical Framework 10

2.1.1 Historical Institutionalism 12

2.1.2 Rational choice institutionalism 16

2.2 Theoretical Background 21

2.2.1 Universalism 22

2.2.2 Universal health coverage 23

2.2.3 The dimensions of UHC 24

2.2.4 Factors giving rise to UHC 31

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS 36

CHAPTER 4: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS 42

3.1 The Regional and Global policy process towards UHC 42

3.2 Common Challenges for the Attainment UHC 47

3.3 Health Care Models in Latin America 54

3.4 Background on Ecuador 56

4.3.1 Geographical Location 56

4.3.2 Demographic Profile 57

4.3.3 Economic Profile 58

4.3.4 Social Profile 62

4.3.5 Development Model 63

4.3.6 Health Profile 66

4.3.7 National Health System Profile 68

4.4 Brief Summary of the Health Reform 70

4.4.1 The Neoliberal Phase 71

4.4.2 The Citizens Revolution 73

4.5 Analysis and Interpretation using the WHO Framework 79

4.5.1 The right to health 80

4.5.2 Financing 84

4.5.3 Health Systems 105

4.5.4 Coverage of Essential Health Services 114

4.6 Interviews 116

CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND FINDINGS 119

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 140

6.1 Summary of Findings 140

6.2 Recommendations 143

6.3 Limitations of this study 146

6.4 Theoretical Implications 147

6.5 Policy Implications 149

BIBLIOGRAPHY 151

APPENDIX 173

ABSTRACT IN KOREAN LANGUAGE 175
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dc.formatapplication/pdf-
dc.format.mediumapplication/pdf-
dc.language.isoen-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc351-
dc.titleA Case Study on Ecuadors Health Reform towards Universal Health Coverage: Challenges and Achievements-
dc.title.alternative보편적 의료보장을 위한 에콰도르 개혁사례연구: 도전과 성과-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthorMaría Clara Samaniego Vélez-
dc.description.degreeMaster-
dc.contributor.affiliation행정대학원 글로벌행정전공-
dc.date.awarded2018-08-
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