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Motivators and Constraints that Influence the Participation of Small Nations Athletes in Bobsled and Skeleton : 작은 국가의 봅슬레이와 스켈레톤 참여에 영향을 미치는 동기요인 및 제약사항에 대한 연구
DC Field | Value | Language |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 강준호 | - |
dc.contributor.author | 후안 | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2018-12-03T01:47:59Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2018-12-03T01:47:59Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 2018-08 | - |
dc.identifier.other | 000000152459 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10371/143999 | - |
dc.description | 학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 사범대학 체육교육과,글로벌스포츠매니지먼트전공, 2018. 8. 강준호. | - |
dc.description.abstract | Abstract
Motivators and Constraints that Influence the Participation of Small Nations Athletes in Bobsled and Skeleton Juan Jose Carlos Ruiz Global Sport Management, Department of Physical Education The Graduate School Seoul National University Bobsled and skeleton are two winter sports that, for some reason, have had captive the hearts of some athletes from small nations since the early 1930s, and even though it has been almost a century since the first small nation participated, little research has been done to find out what motivates and constrains the participation in these two sports. If we want to understand how small the pool of athletes that practice them is, suffice it to say that last season there were 300 active athletes all around the world form big and small nations. The re-inclusion of skeleton at the Winter Olympics program in 2002 generated a small nations athletes participation boom, that brought many athletes to the tracks in the following 4 years, but as the sport evolved, the rules changed and the equipment and technology started to be a essential part of the sport, many decided to quit, others to immigrate and a few kept pushing to create a real development program for their countries. This study is aiming to examine small nations athletes motivators and constraints using two different survey types, with different respondents providing information to verify the findings in order to answer different research question. The objective is to know the reality of the athletes and use this to generate an effective strategy to increase small nations participation starting at the youth level, all the while taking advantage of the coming Winter Olympics at Pyeongchang in 2018. The first survey was answered by 32 small nations athletes or former athletes from bobsled and skeleton and was related directly to motivators and constraints. The results were analyzed with a T Test procedure, showing that there is always a difference in motivators for each group, with the exception of one of the factors, which is being a part of the Olympic Games, which reached as high as 92.5%. The results of the constraints study showed that there were no differences in intrapersonal barriers and also that new athletes and senior athletes are under the same constraints. Other findings claimed that not getting enough access to tracks, anxiety and unfair rules were also consistent in the T test that has been ran with all the scenarios. The second survey was answered by key people working with small nations in bobsled and skeleton to provide the information on how to increase the small nations participation in bobsled and skeleton. The result findings indicate that technology is generating a big gap between small and big nations, considering many motivators and constraint in a consistent path with the findings of the first survey. Sustainable programs with partnerships can be a short-term way to increase participation, followed by a change in sport rules, especially the spots available for the Olympics in order to attract more athletes to sport, and the standardization of the equipment to reduce costs and increase fairness on the competitions. | - |
dc.description.tableofcontents | Table of Contents
Acknowledgements i Abstract ii Table of Contents iii Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. General Sport Context 1 1.2. Bobsled and Skeleton Context 2 1.3. Research Significance 11 1.4. Research Questions 13 Chapter 2. Literature Review 14 2.1. Sport Development 14 2.2. The Pyramid Model 15 2.3. The Sport Development Metaphor 17 2.3.1. Sport Development Stakeholders 22 2.3.2. Sport Development Strategies 24 2.3.3. Sport Development Processes 26 2.3.3.1. The Attraction Process/Exposure 27 2.3.3.2. The Recruitment Process 28 2.3.3.3. The Retention Process 29 2.3.3.4. Transition Process 32 2.3.3.5. The Nurturing Process 34 2.4. Constraints on Sports Participation 35 2.4.1. Constraints Models 35 2.4.1. The Basic Hierarchical Model 38 2.4.2. The Alignment of Constraints 39 2.4.3. The Hierarchy of importance 40 2.4.4. The Continuing Operation of Constraints 40 2.5. Participation 42 2.6. Motivation 47 2.6.1. Social Cognitive approach 47 2.6.2. Perceived Competence 48 2.6.3. Goal Achievement 49 2.6.4. Motivational Climate 50 2.6.5. Intrinsic/ Extrinsic Motivation 50 Chapter 3. Methodology 51 3.1. Survey Small Nations Athletes 52 3.1.1. Sample 52 3.1.2. Procedures and Measurements 52 3.1.3. Analysis 53 3.1.4. Instrumentation 53 3.2. Surveys Key People in Bobsled and Skeleton 55 3.2.1. Purpose 55 3.2.2. Selection of Respondent 55 3.2.3. Survey Structure 56 Chapter 4. Findings 58 4.1. Survey for Small Nations Athletes 58 4.1.1. Respondents Profiling 70 4.1.2. Reliability Test 63 4.1.3. T Test Results 64 4.1.3.1. Years Variable 66 4.1.3.2. Level Variable 66 4.1.3.3. Days Variable 67 4.1.3.4. Hours Variable 68 4.2. Survey Key Stakeholders in Bobsled and Skeleton 71 4.2.1. Respondents Profiling 71 4.2.2. Findings 73 Chapter 5. Discussion 80 5.1. Summary of Study 80 5.2. Significance of the Motivators and Constraints 84 Chapter 6. Conclusions 86 6.1. Limitations and Recommendations for Future Research 87 References 88 Appendix A 93 Appendix B 96 국문초록 98 List of Tables Table 1. Distribution of the Athletes Survey Questionnaire 54 Table 2. Distribution of Key People Survey Questionnaire 57 Table 3. Demographics 59 Table 4. Motivators Descriptive Statistics 61 Table 5. Constraints descriptive statistics 62 Table 6. Variables Reliability Test 64 Table 7. T Test results years and level 65 Table 8. T Test results days and hours 67 Table 9. Interpretation of the T Test results 69 Table 10. Key People Key Findings 78 | - |
dc.format | application/pdf | - |
dc.format.medium | application/pdf | - |
dc.language.iso | en | - |
dc.publisher | 서울대학교 대학원 | - |
dc.subject.ddc | 796.069 | - |
dc.title | Motivators and Constraints that Influence the Participation of Small Nations Athletes in Bobsled and Skeleton | - |
dc.title.alternative | 작은 국가의 봅슬레이와 스켈레톤 참여에 영향을 미치는 동기요인 및 제약사항에 대한 연구 | - |
dc.type | Thesis | - |
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthor | Juan José Carlos Ruiz | - |
dc.description.degree | Master | - |
dc.contributor.affiliation | 사범대학 체육교육과,글로벌스포츠매니지먼트전공 | - |
dc.date.awarded | 2018-08 | - |
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