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Isotopic characteristics of nitrate aerosols for tracing PM2.5 sources in South Korea : 대한민국 PM2.5의 생성원 추적을 위한 질산염 에어로졸의 동위원소 특성 연구

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dc.contributor.advisor안진호-
dc.contributor.author이희조-
dc.date.accessioned2019-05-07T04:32:39Z-
dc.date.available2019-05-07T04:32:39Z-
dc.date.issued2019-02-
dc.identifier.other000000154728-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/151599-
dc.description학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 자연과학대학 지구환경과학부, 2019. 2. 안진호.-
dc.description.abstractAtmospheric nitrate (NO3-) isotopic compositions have been proposed as a useful tool for identifying NOx sources and photochemical reaction pathways. The atmospheric aerosol samples (PM2.5, n = 497) were collected from 2015 to 2016 at Seoul, Baengnyeong Island and Jeju Island, South Korea and the 15N/14N and 18O/16O of aerosol nitrate (NO3-) were analyzed using a bacterial denitrification method. The measured average δ15N and δ18O-NO3- values show a pattern of seasonal variation: enriched in winter (avg. δ15N: 7.5 ± 3.3‰ at Seoul-
dc.description.abstractand 6.7 ± 7.2‰ at Baengnyeong-
dc.description.abstractavg. δ18O: 71.6 ± 16.9‰ at Seoul-
dc.description.abstractand 73.0 ± 29.0‰ at Baengnyeong) and depleted in summer (avg. δ15N: -3.6 ± 4.6‰ at Seoul-
dc.description.abstractand -5.5 ± 3.5‰ at Baengnyeong-
dc.description.abstractavg. δ18O: 41.0 ± 22.0‰ at Seoul-
dc.description.abstractand 42.7 ± 31.6‰ at Baengnyeong). In contrast, lower δ15N and δ18O-NO3- values (δ15N: –10‰ to 5‰-
dc.description.abstractδ18O: –4‰ to 128‰) are observed at Jeju Island, which is located in lower latitude than Seoul and Baengnyeong Island. Additional measurements of δ15N and δ18O- NO3- for consecutive days during four seasons: 22 Mar to 30 April of 2018 (spring), 9 May to 8 June of 2016 (early summer), 1-30 November of 2017 (fall), and 3-31 January of 2018 (winter) at Seoul show correlations of particularly enriched δ15N- NO3- values during the enhanced PM2.5 episodes when air clusters moved from eastern and northeastern China while the δ18O-NO3- values become enriched when the air mass originated from China passing through the Yellow Sea, known by 72- hour back trajectory analyses of air mass calculated using the NOAAs HYSPLIT model with GDAS. In particular, the δ15N-NO3- (2.4 to 15.7‰) during the winter at Seoul reflects the δ15N-NO3- (Sanjiang: 9.5 to 13.8‰ during fall-
dc.description.abstractNanjing: 5.4 to 18.0‰ during winter) of the PM2.5 sources in northeastern China (Chang et al.,2018). This is consistent with the assumption that the source areas of polluted air mainly control the seasonal changes in δ15N-NO3- of the Korean peninsula. Further characterization of the aerosol nitrate isotopic compositions in different source origins will help to trace the PM2.5 source appointments and expect to wisely manage and reduce air pollution in South Korea.-
dc.description.abstract대기 질산염의 질소 및 산소 동위원소는 NOx 공급원과 광화학반응 경로를 확인하기 위한 유용한 도구로 사용되어 왔다. 2015년부터 2016 년까지 서울, 백령도 및 제주도에서 수집된 대기 중 에어로졸 시료 (PM2.5, n = 497)에서 탈질화 방법을 이용하여 에어로졸 질산염(NO3-) 의 질소-15 동위원소비(15N/14N) 및 산소-18 동위원소비(18O/16O)를 측정하였다. 측정된 평균 질산염의 동위원소(δ15N-NO3- 과 δ18O- NO3-)비는 겨울에 농축(δ15N: 7.50 ± 3.31- 서울, 6.72 ± 7.24 – 백령도-
dc.description.abstractδ18O: 71.56 ± 16.86 – 서울, 72.95 ± 28.95 - 백령도)되고 여름에 감소(δ15N: -3.59 ± 4.55 - 서울-
dc.description.abstract-5.46 ± 3.45 - 백령도-
dc.description.abstractδ18O: 41.01 ± 22.02 - 서울-
dc.description.abstract42.74 ± 31.62 - 백령도)하는 유의미 한 경향성을 나타냈다. 반면, 서울과 백령도보다 낮은 위도에 위치한 제 주도에서는 서울과 백령도보다 낮은 질산염의 동위원소비(δ15N: -10 ‰ ~ 5 ‰, δ18O: -4 ‰ ~ 128‰)가 관찰되었다. 서울의 초여름(2016 년 5월 9일부터 6월 8일까지)과 겨울(2018 년 1월 3 일부터 31일)동 안 동위원소비(δ15N 과 δ18O-NO3-)를 연속적으로 측정하여 역궤도 분석을 진행한 결과PM2.5 농도가 증가한 기간 동안 중국 동부 및 북동 부에서 기단이 확장했을 때 질소 및 산소 동위원소비(δ15N 과 δ18O- NO3-)가 증가하는 경향을 확인하였다. 특히 서울의 2018년 1월 겨울철 δ15N- NO3-(2.40 ~ 15.68‰)은 중국 기원 에어로졸의 동위원소비(δ 15N - NO3-): 9.54 ~ 13.77‰ - Sanjiang, 5.39 ~ 17.99‰ – Nanjing)를 반영한다. 또한, 서울의 2016년 초여름 질소 동위원소와 질 산염 농도 간 킬링 플롯은 음의 기울기(r = -0.5859-
dc.description.abstractp <0.05)를 나타냈고, 남산터널의 δ15N- NO3- (범위:0.68 ~ 2.59‰, 평균 = 1.57‰ ± 0.99)에 비해 δ15N 절편이 4.0 ‰로 상대적으로 농축된 동위원소비 를 확인했다. 이것은 오염된 공기의 발생원이 주로 한반도의 δ15N- NO3-의 계절적 변화를 조절한다는 가설을 뒷받침한다. 질산염 에어로솔 의15N/14N 및 18O/16O 추가 특성 분석은 다른 지역 또는 지역 내 NOx 배출원의 변화가 한국의 질산염 에어러솔의 동위 원소에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 더 잘 이해할 수 있도록 도와줄 것이다.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsTable of Contents
Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................i
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ii
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Sources and long-distance transported PM2.5 and nitrate.........................................................1
1.2. Previous studies .......................................................................................................................3
1.3. Objectives ................................................................................................................................5
2. Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................6
2.1. PM2.5 sample collection............................................................................................................6
2.1.1. PM2.5 sample collection at Seoul, Baengnyeong Island, and Jeju Island, South Korea..............6
2.1.2. PM2.5 sample collection in tunnel ..........................................................................................7
2.1.3. Rain sample collection.............................................................................................................7
2.2. Isotopic analysis of nitrate..........................................................................................................8
2.2.1. Nitrate extraction from the PM2.5 aerosol sample...................................................................8
2.2.2. Nitrate concentration measurement .......................................................................................9
2.2.3. Nitrite concentration measurement.........................................................................................9
2.2.4. Nitrate iostopic analysis...........................................................................................................10
2.3. Backward trajectory analysis of air mass .....................................................................................12
3. Results and Discussion ..................................................................................................................13
3.1. Seasonal variations of nitrate isotopic compositions of PM2.5 at Seoul, Baengnyeong Island, and Jeju Island from 2015 to 2016 ...........................................................................................................................13
3.1.1. Meteorological characteristics of study periods ........................................................................13
3.1.2. Mass concentrations of PM2.5 and nitrate ...............................................................................14
3.1.3. Isotopic ratios of nitrate............................................................................................................16
3.2. Characterization of nitrate isotopic compositions (δ15N and δ18O of NO3-) for each season ...........................................................................................................................................................21
3.2.1. Daily variations of δ15N and δ18O of NO3- during spring (22 March to 30 April of 2018) at Seoul..................................................................................................................................................22
3.2.2. Daily variations of δ15N and δ18O of NO3- during summer (9 May to 8 June of 2016) at Seoul and Baengnyeong Island............................................................................................................................23
3.2.3. Daily variations of δ15N and δ18O of NO3- during fall (1 November to 30 November of 2017) at Seoul...................................................................................................................................................25
3.2.4. Daily variations of δ15N and δ18O of NO3- during winter (3 January to 31 January of 2018) at Seoul....................................................................................................................................................26
3.3. PM2.5 source appointment based on the Keeling plots of δ15N and δ18O of NO3- vs 1/[NO3-]......
...........................................................................................................................................................28
3.4. The relationship between dry (PM2.5) and wet (precipitation) depositions....................................31
4. Conclusion......................................................................................................................................33
References..........................................................................................................................................35
List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................45
List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................51
Appendix ............................................................................................................................................65
Abstract (in Korean) ............................................................................................................................86
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dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc550-
dc.titleIsotopic characteristics of nitrate aerosols for tracing PM2.5 sources in South Korea-
dc.title.alternative대한민국 PM2.5의 생성원 추적을 위한 질산염 에어로졸의 동위원소 특성 연구-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.typeDissertation-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthorHEEJO LEE-
dc.description.degreeMaster-
dc.contributor.affiliation자연과학대학 지구환경과학부-
dc.date.awarded2019-02-
dc.identifier.uciI804:11032-000000154728-
dc.identifier.holdings000000000026▲000000000039▲000000154728▲-
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