Cu-doped P2-Na0.5Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 encapsulated with MgO as a novel high voltage cathode with enhanced Na-storage properties

Abstract

We report a novel P2-type Na0.5Ni0.26Cu0.07Mn0.67O2 (NCM) mixed oxide obtained by conventional solid-state method as a prospective cathode for sodium-ion battery (SIB) applications. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that NCM exhibits a hexagonal structure with a P6(3)/mmc(No. 194) space group, in which Na-ions are located in a prismatic environment. The introduction of Cu into the lattice enhances its structural stability, showing a capacity retention of 83% after 100 cycles, which is much better than its native compound. MgO encapsulation was performed to further improve the interfacial kinetics and suppress P2-O2 phase transition. MgO coating significantly improves the electrochemical activity at high cut-off voltages, for instance, highest capacity of 131 mA h g(-1) was noted with superior rate performance of 83 and 51 mA h g(-1) at 5 and 20C, respectively. As expected, dual modification by Cu-ion doping and MgO coating provides a novel strategy for designing high-rate SIB cathodes.