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Heritage and Identity : 역사적 뿌리와 정체성 인식 : 중국 묘족과 미국 묘족 간의 문화적 비교
Cultural Comparison between Hmong Chinese and Hmong Americans

DC Field Value Language
dc.contributor.advisorJeong, Jong-Ho-
dc.contributor.authorXia Liqin-
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-07T04:00:51Z-
dc.date.available2020-05-07T04:00:51Z-
dc.date.issued2020-
dc.identifier.other000000160125-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dcollection.snu.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000160125ko_KR
dc.description학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :국제대학원 국제학과(국제지역학전공),2020. 2. Jeong, Jong-Ho.-
dc.description.abstractThe inheritance of culture and cognition of our identity is a spiritual sustenance of all ethnic groups. These are the links that connect our ancient identities with modern lifestyles, the links that reflect history onto the scope of future ethnic developments. With the progression of human societies into the modern era, the migration of ethnic groups has shown no signs of slowing down. As a result, many earlier definitions, such as our concepts of nationality, ethnicity, and minority identities, have changed.

Among these many migrant groups, the Hmong are a minority that has endured from the past to the present, crossing the Eastern and Western world. Their migration and development can be traced back to ancient China, 4000 years ago. In the present day, they are found throughout China, Southeast Asian countries, the United States, and parts of European countries.

This paper aims to accurately reproduce the history of the Hmong peoples migration from China to the United States, through the records of Chinese and other foreign historical books, as well as to discuss the definition of Hmong and Miao (a designated name of the Hmong in China) identity through their history. Furthermore, this paper compares Hmong Chinese and Hmong American ethnic cultures through both social identity theory and the cultural model theory, and analyzes their cultural attributes and group identity.

Finally, the author hopes that this paper can remind the Hmong people of their ethnic development history. It is also hoped that it can help Hmong people in different countries, especially in the United States, to find their cultural heritage, and inspire them to rediscover themselves, to get the same ethnic memories, as well as the same spiritual home.
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dc.description.abstract역사적 뿌리와 정체성 인식은 인류 모든 종족의 영적 식량이라고 한다. 이들은 과거부터 현재까지의 발전 과정을 반영하여 고대와 현대를 연결하는 교량이다. 인류 사회가 현대로 발전함에 따라 민족 집단의 이주는 가속화 되었다. 결과적으로 국적, 민족성 및 소수 민족에 대한 개념은 초기의 정의와는 많은 차이를 보인다.

많은 이민자들 중 묘족은 과거와 현재를 견뎌내고 동방과 서방을 가로지르는 특별한 소수 민족 중 하나이다. 그들의 이주와 발전은 4000년 전 고대 중국으로 거슬러 올라간다. 현재 묘족은 중국, 동남아시아 국가, 미국 및 일부 유럽 국가에 거주하고 있다.

이 논문은 중국과 여러 나라의 역사적 기록을 통해 묘족이 중국에서 미국으로 이주한 과정을 재현하고, 역사를 통해 묘족의 문화적 정체성의 정의에 대해 논의하고자 한다. 또한 본 논문은 사회 정체성 이론과 문화 모델 이론을 통해 중국 묘족과 미국 묘족의 민족 문화를 비교 한 후 그들의 문화적 속성과 양쪽 집단의 정체성을 분석한다.

마지막으로 저자는 이 논문을 통해 묘족이 그들의 민족 발전에 대한 관심을 제고할 수 있기를 희망한다. 동시에 타국으로 이주한 묘족, 특히 미국에 거주 중인 묘족 교포들이 그들의 문화 유산을 찾을 수 있는 기회, 자신에 대한 인식을 재발견할 수 있는 계기, 그리고 역사상 동 민족으로서의 추억과 정신적 고향을 향유할 수 있는 기회를 얻길 바란다.
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dc.description.tableofcontentsChapter I. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Aim of Research 2
1.3 Organization of Thesis 4

Chapter II. Literature Review: Five Migrations and the Secret War 6
2.1 Losing the Battle of Zhuolu. 8
2.2 Collapse of the Three Miao Kingdom... 9
2.3 Annexation of the Chu by the Qin Dynasty. 11
2.4 Oppression from the Han to the Song Dynasty 13
2.5 Dissatisfaction with the Tributary System 14
2.6 The Secret War and Its Effects 17

Chapter III. Literature Review: Relationship between Hmong and Miao 21
3.1 Miao Self-Proclaimed Introduction 21
3.2 Phonological Relationship of Miao Self-Proclaimed Identity 23
3.3 Designated Names of Miao People 25
3.4 Concept of Hmong Blood Ties 29

Chapter IV. Theories and Research Methodology 32
4.1 Theoretical Framework 32
4.2 Research Methodology 37

Chapter V. Analysis of the Freelist and Phase I Questionnaire 41
5.1 Data Acquisition and Its Effectiveness 41
5.2 Questionnaire Content and Its Analysis 45
5.2.1 Questionnaire Content 46
5.2.2 Differences in Variable Comparisons 48
5.2.3 Analysis of Sex Ratio and Age Span 49
5.2.4 Analysis of Differences in Language Preference 49
5.2.5 Analysis of Differences in Religious Beliefs 50
5.2.6 Analysis of Identity Awareness 54
5.3 Freelist Results. 58
5.3.1 Result of Hmong Chinese Freelist 59
5.3.2 Result of Hmong American Freelist 64
5.4 Phase I Conclusions 68

Chapter VI. Analysis of Cultural Models and Phase II Questionnaire 72
6.1 Selections of Cultural Keywords 73
6.2 Questionnaire Structure and Its Analysis 76
6.3 Code Book 79
6.4 Cultural Consensus Analysis Results 81
6.4.1 Result of Hmong Chinese Cultural Consensus Analysis 91
6.4.2 Result of Hmong American Cultural Consensus Analysis 93
6.5 Data Utilization and Policy Recommendations 95
6.5.1 Analysis of Deviation Scores for Key Cultural Element 95
6.5.2 Analysis of In-Depth Interviews 98
6.5.3 Policy Recommendations on Hmong Cultural Inheritance 102

Chapter VII. Conclusions 105

Bibliography 108
Appendices 114
APPENDIX I 114
APPENDIX II 118
APPENDIX III 122
APPENDIX IV 137
국문초록 (Abstract in Korean) 150
Acknowledgements 152
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dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subject.ddc307-
dc.titleHeritage and Identity-
dc.title.alternative역사적 뿌리와 정체성 인식 : 중국 묘족과 미국 묘족 간의 문화적 비교-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.typeDissertation-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthor하여흠-
dc.contributor.department국제대학원 국제학과(국제지역학전공)-
dc.description.degreeMaster-
dc.date.awarded2020-02-
dc.title.subtitleCultural Comparison between Hmong Chinese and Hmong Americans-
dc.identifier.uciI804:11032-000000160125-
dc.identifier.holdings000000000042▲000000000044▲000000160125▲-
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