Risk stratification and prognostic nomogram for postrecurrence overall survival in patients with recurrent extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate post-recurrence overall survival (PROS) in patients with recurrent extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHC) and to indicate which groups of patients need active salvage treatments. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 251 consecutive patients who underwent curative surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for EHC. Among these, 144 patients experienced a recurrence and were included for further analysis. Results: The median PROS was 7 months (range, 1-130). In multivariate analysis, poorly differentiated histology, short disease-free survival, poor performance status, and elevated CA 19-9 were identified as significant prognosticators for poor PROS. Based on this, we stratified study patients into three categories by the number of risk factors: group 1 (0 or 1 factors), group 2 (2 factors) and group 3 (3-4 factors). Median PROS for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 13, 7, and 5 months, respectively (p < 0.001). Group 1 patients showed a significant benefit from salvage treatment, but groups 2 and 3 did not demonstrate clear benefit. In addition, we developed a nomogram to specifically identify individual patient's prognosis. Conclusion: Our simple risk stratification as well as proposed nomogram can classify patients into subgroups with different prognosis and will help facilitate personalized strategies after recurrence.