Effect of zinc oxide and probiotics on growth performance, immune response, diarrhea index and fecal microflora in weaning pigs

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of zinc oxide and probiotics in feed on weaning pig. In the feeding trial, a total of 300 crossbred piglets [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc], weaned at 28 ± 2 days of age with an average body weight (BW) of 6.67 ± 0.872 kg were allotted to 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 10 pigs per in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Treatments were 1) NL: corn-soybean meal base feed + probiotic 0.01%, 2) NM: basal feed + probiotics 0.05%, 3) NH: basal feed + probiotics 0.1%, 4) ZL: basal feed + Probiotic 0.01% + zinc oxide, 5) ZM: basal feed + Probiotic 0.05% + Zinc oxide, 6) ZH: basal feed + Probiotic 0.1% + Zinc oxide. The amount of zinc oxide added in the phase Ⅰ was 0.25% and the phase Ⅱ was 0.025%. All nutrient requirements were based on NRC 1998. However, since the CP was considered to be high, the required amount was set by multiplying the total nitrogen of NRC 2012 by 6.25. As a result of the entire 6-week experiment, the growth performance of weaned piglets that consumed zinc oxide was significantly higher in BW compared to those not ingested at week 3 and week 6 (P<0.01). In the case of Average daily gain (ADG), compared to treatment group NL, NM and NH without zinc oxide addition, treatment group ZL, ZM and ZH with zinc oxide was significantly higher in Phase I and the entire period (P<0.01). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was also significantly higher in the phase I and the whole period compared to the treatment group NL, NM and NH without the addition of zinc oxide treatment group ZL, ZM and ZH (P<0.01). Gain to feed ratio (G:F ratio) of treatment group ZL, ZM and ZH with zinc oxide added was significantly higher in Phase I and the entire period when compared with treatment group NL, NM and NH without zinc oxide addition (P<0.01). Result of quantitative experiment in branching microorganisms, there was a significant difference in coliform count (CC) and yeast & mold (YM). In CC, NH with 0.1% of probiotics without addition of zinc oxide was extremely significantly lower compared to other treatments (P<0.01). In the case of YM, ZM added with zinc oxide and 0.05% of probiotics was significantly higher than that of other treatments (P<0.05). In the case of Zinc-Quantitative experiment, E. coli/coliform count (EC) and yeast & mold (YM) were significantly higher and lactic acid bacteria count (LAB) was significantly lower in the treatment with zinc oxide (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in immune response in the case of IgA. However, the level of Ig A was higher in the treatment group with probiotics than in the treatment group with zinc oxide. Consequently, Zinc oxide had a positive effect on growth performance and diarrhea index, but probiotics had a positive effect on IgA and intestinal microbes

본 실험은 사료 내 산화아연과 생균제 첨가가 이유자돈에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 28 ± 2 일령에 이유한 평균체중 6.67 ± 0.872 kg의 삼원교잡종 [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] 이유자돈 300두를 공시하였다. 처리구 당 실험 사료는 1) NL : 옥수수-대두박 위주의 기초 사료 + 생균제 0.01 %, 2) NM : 기본사료 + 생균제 0.05 %, 3) NH : 기본사료 + 생균제 0.1 %, 4) ZL : 기본사료 + 생균제 0.01 % + 산화아연, 5) ZM : 기본사료 + 생균제 0.05 % + 산화아연, 5) ZH : 기본사료 + 생균제 0.1 % + 산화아연으로 구성되었으며 이유자돈 전기의 산화아연 첨가량은 0.25 %이고 후기는 0.025 %이다. 전체 6주간의 실험의 결과 성장성적에서 산화아연을 섭취한 이유자돈의 경우 체중에서 3 주차와 6 주차에 섭취하지 않은 경우와 비교했을 때 유의적으로 높았다 (P<0.01). 일당증체량의 경우 산화아연을 첨가한 처리구 ZL, ZM, ZH가 첨가하지 않은 처리구 NL, NM, NH와 비교했을 때 PhaseⅠ과 전체 기간에서 유의적으로 높았다 (P<0.01). 일당사료섭취량의 경우 역시 산화아연을 첨가한 처리구 ZL, ZM, ZH가 첨가하지 않은 처리구 NL, NM, NH와 비교했을 때 PhaseⅠ과 전체 기간에서 구간에서 유의적으로 높았다 (P<0.01). 사료효율의 경우에서도 산화아연을 첨가한 처리구 ZL, ZM, ZH가 첨가하지 않은 처리구 NL, NM, NH와 비교했을 때 PhaseⅠ과 전체 기간에서 유의적으로 높았다 (P<0.01). 분변내 미생물의 경우 산화아연을 첨가한 처리구에서 대장균과 효모 및 곰팡이는 유의적으로 낮았고 유산균은 유의적으로 높았다 (P<0.05). 또한 정량 실험의 결과 대장균군의 경우 NH가 유의적으로 낮았으며 (P<0.01) 효모 및 곰팡이의 경우 ZM이 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 설사지수에서는 산화아연을 첨가한 처리구 ZL, ZM, ZH가 첨가하지 않은 처리구 NL, NM, NH와 비교했을 때, 3주와 6주에서 모두 유의적으로 낮았다 (P<0.01). 면역 성상에서는 IgA의 경우 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 수치적으로 생균제만 첨가한 처리구에서 산화아연을 첨가한 처리구 보다 IgA가 높았다. 결과적으로, 자돈사료 내 산화아연의 첨가가 성장성적과 설사지수에 긍정적인 영향을 미치나 산화아연을 첨가하지 않고 생균제를 처리한 첨가구가 IgA와 장내 미생물에 긍정적인 영향을 미치기 때문에 보상성장과 추가적인 2차 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.