Bronchovascular bundle thickening on CT as a predictor of survival and brain metastasis in patients with stage IA peripheral small cell lung cancer

Abstract

AIM: To determine if bronchovascular bundle (BVB) thickening on pretreatment computed tomography (CT) images helps predict survival in patients with peripheral small cell lung cancer (pSCLC) <= 3 cm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pretreatment CT examinations of 79 histopathologically proven pSCLC <= 3 cm (TNM stage I, 21; II, 13; III, 22; IV, 23) were reviewed retrospectively. The CT characteristics of the nodule and associated findings, including BVB thickening, were evaluated. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and brain metastasis-free survival were compared with the presence of BVB thickening using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Among the 79 patients, 34 (43%) had BVB thickening. BVB thickening was prevalent in patients with mediastinal lymph node metastasis (50.9% versus 22.7%; p=0.024) and distant metastasis (60.9% versus 35.7%; p=0.049). Out of the 21 patients with TNM stage IA disease, the 16 patients (76.2%) without BVB thickening showed better PFS, OS, and brain metastasis-free survival (mean, 1,762 versus 483 days; p=0.019: 2,243 versus 1,328 days; p=0.038: 2,274 versus 1,287 days; p=0.038, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the absence of BVB thickening (hazard ratio [FM 7.806; 95% CI, 1.241-49.091; p=0.029) and surgery (HR, 0.075; 95% CI, 0.008-0.746; p=0.027) were independent and useful prognostic factors for PFS. CONCLUSIONS: BVB thickening was found more frequently in patients with advanced-stage pSCLC <= 3 cm, and the PFS was more favourable in patients without BVB thickening, with a similar tendency to that of OS and brain metastasis-free survival, in stage IA pSCLC. (C) 2020 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.