Ability of S100 proteins and matrix metalloproteinase-9 to identify periodontitis in a ligature-induced periodontitis dog model

Abstract

Aims The present study aimed to monitor the levels of selected salivary biomarkers during the development and treatment of periodontitis and to evaluate their ability to identify periodontitis in dogs. Materials and methods A total of 15 beagle dogs were divided into a control group (no ligature), group 1 (ligature on six teeth), and group 2 (ligature on 12 teeth). The experimental periods consisted of 8 weeks of periodontitis induction and 4 weeks of treatment. Clinical measurements and the sampling of saliva were performed every 4 weeks. The levels of S100A8, S100A9, S100A8/A9, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results All experimental animals and two control animals developed periodontitis, which was successfully treated. All salivary biomarkers were significantly increased in periodontitis with high diagnostic power (c-index >= 0.944) and were able to identify animals with periodontitis on a single tooth. Whereas the levels of salivary S100A8/A9 recovered to levels in health, those of S100A8, S100A9, and MMP-9 in periodontitis stability remained significantly higher than in health. Conclusion Salivary S100A8, S100A9, S100A8/A9, and MMP-9 may be used for the screening of periodontitis in dogs, but with caution of other conditions that can affect their levels in saliva.