府를 통해 본 9세기 신라의 지방제도 개편과 의미 : ｢月光寺圓朗禪師塔碑｣의 사례를 중심으로

Abstract

In the 9th and 10th centuries, Pu(府) was established in Silla. This fact is noted as a result of the reform of the local system during the chaos of the late Silla Period. However, there is an example of Pu whose name is unknown. So there is a controversy about the location and character of pu. Therefore, I would like to analyze the rubbing of a stele and reveal the name of Pu. As a result, it will be possible to understand the relationship between Sogyŏng(小京) and Pu and the change in the status of Sogyŏng in the local system of Silla. Wŏlgwangsa wŏllang sŏnsa tappi(月光寺圓朗禪師塔碑, The funerary stele of Sŏn Master wŏllang at Wŏlgwang Monastery) was erected in 890. □□江府 and Tonghwa-pu(通化府) recorded here is not found in historical records. Looking at the rubbing of □□江府, it is estimated that the second letter of the unboxes is close to Han(漢). In other words, the unknown name is presumed to be □□漢江府. The center of □□漢江府 is estimated to be Chungju(忠州), Wŏnju(原州), or Chechŏn(堤川) near the middle and upper reaches of the Namhangang River(南漢江). Among these, I thought there was a high possibility of Chungju. Wŏraksan Mountain, where Wŏlgwang Monastery was located, belonged to Sayŏli-hyŏn(沙熱伊縣) during the Silla period. This area is close to Chungju and was later included in Chungjumok(忠州牧) during the Koryŏ Dynasty. □□漢江府 can be seen as another name for Chungwŏn-pu(中原府) which is the name when Chungwŏngyŏng(中原京), one of the five Sogyŏng of Silla, was reorganized into pu. Sogyŏng is estimated to be about the size of a Kun(郡) with two to three Hyŏn(縣). And Sogyŏng consisted of the central part of the castle and several surrounding villages. However, in 890, the area of Wŏraksan Mountain, which originally belonged to Naeje-kun(柰堤郡), belonged to □□漢江府. This shows that when Chungwŏngyŏng was reorganized into Chungwŏn-pu, the area of jurisdiction of pu became wider than that of Sogyŏng. It is estimated that Chungwŏngyŏng was reorganized into Chungwŏn-pu between 822 and 836. Rebellion of Kim Hŏn-ch'ang(金憲昌) in 822 is drawing attention as the background. It is believed that local residents who were dissatisfied with Sillas ruling system also participated in the rebellion. It is estimated that the residents of Sogyŏng, who had Kolpum(骨品, Bone rank) and Kwandŭng(官等, Bureaucratic rank), also participated in the rebellion. Because they would also have been discriminated against by the ruling class of the capital. By reorganizing Sogyŏng into Pu, Silla government would have wanted to quell local complaints. Pu was an independent administrative unit, unlike Sogyŏng. The status of the region has been promoted. In addition, local residents would have been given local and military posts. This measure could have stabilized the local community a little. On the other hand, Silla society would have taken the path of local independence.