1920~30년대 인천부 공설공용전 급수운영과 지역사회의 대응

Abstract

This paper attempted to examine the nature of the distribution of public goods at the local community level by reviewing the conflict between the unfair authorities, the council association, and the water supply users over the operation of water supply in Incheon in the 1920s and 30s. In colonial Joseon, like imperial Japan, the principle of public corporationism run by local organizations was applied to waterworks. Incheon-Bu is suitable as an example of various variables surrounding water supply and their responses. Incheon was a city that enjoyed relative abundance in the production of tap water due to its ample water supply compared to other cities. However, between 1910 and 1936, the water supply rate of Incheon-bu was gradually decreasing. Compared to the population growth rate, the rate of increase in the number of water supply used was lower, and the numerical difference in the rate of use by ethnicity was also clear. Why was the penetration rate low in Incheon, which was expected to be equal in the distribution of tap water? The first one is Bu-Young. The transfer of management to wealth with weak fiscal independence was a factor that weakened publicness. The second was the increase in rates and the change in the method of collecting fees. The Incheon-Bu implemented a metering system in 1924 to increase the actual water bill. In addition, the burden was increased by equally sharing the pay-as-you-go system to users of the public tap water, which is a jointly used street fountion. In particular, the public tap water used by most Koreans. The transition to a pay-as-you-go system was a system that users had to jointly pay up to the amount they did not use. In addition, since the person who managed the capital was an unpaid chong-dae, he often did not pay the water bill on time, embezzled it, and the water tank was submerged. As these problems accumulated, Shinhwasuri, a region of Koreans, formed a alliance not to drink tap water and responded. It was a kind of boycott of tap water. The cause of the problem was the implementation of an expensive water bill and a metering system that did not consider the poor class compared to the ability to pay. In the 1930s, demands were raised in the Incheon community to lower the high-priced water bill, leading to the revision of the ordinance. However, there was also a demand for lowering the high-priced water rate for the small class, but in reality, it was intended to lower the water rate for commercial and industrial use in terms of urban development to promote industrialization. In addition, with the inauguration of Nagai Governor, as the tightening fiscal policy began, a contract system (sales system) was implemented to entrust the joint capital to one person. The Incheon Metropolitan Government entrusted the management of the joint capital through the contract system to obtain the desired profits as they were and to leave the annoyance of management to the manager. The contractors charged a fee when selling tap water, which was very expensive, causing complaints from users. Therefore, users formed a water supply autonomous community and responded. Furthermore, the Incheon Regional Council raised an opinion that the water supply rate of small Koreans should be increased, and the issue of discrimination against water supply facilities continued. However, unless the contradiction of the principle of beneficiary burden and the high-priced water supply fee according to the metering system disappeared, a drastic increase in the water supply rate was a long way off. The water supply, examined through the Incheon-Bu, is the point where discrimination by class and discrimination by ethnicity intersect. In this paper, it was intended to clarify that the principle of beneficiary burden and the principle of economic liberalism, which is a metric system, already implies economic-hierarchical discrimination, and if this principle is applied to colonies, it leads to discrimination by ethnicity. In short, economic liberalism and colonialism represented by capitalism are not separate but simultaneously constructed.