총동원체제기(1938-45년) 조선총독부의 노무자주택정책 운영과 사택의 분배체계: 일본질소비료(주) 계열사를 중심으로

Abstract

In Joseon, where the imbalance between housing supply and demand intensified during the General Mobilization System period, there were measures to promote the housing stability of workers that contributed to the expansion of productive capacity. In 1940, the Japanese Government-General of Korea began supplying large amounts of low-interest funds for the construction of workers houses. The target was an important company closely related to the conduct of the war. The housing policies for workers, however, could not fulfill their roles fully in the deformed structure of fund management. The basic funds were forced a drastic retrenchment by the Exchequer, which has the final decision on imperial fiscal investment and financing. The remaining amounts were used to purchase the bonds of the Joseon Housing Corporation, which is in charge of solving universal housing problems. As a result, the supply of worker housing funds gradually became nominal. And the plans to build a company house prepared by many corporations went down the drain. The affiliates of Japan Nitrogenous Fertilizer Company, which received a majority of the funds or more among preferential loans to very few companies, managed their company houses in a highly biased manner toward certain social classes and ethnic groups. They built company houses about 50% of the newly hired workers, and most of them were allotted to high-ranking managers and supervisors instead of low-ranking productive manpower. Especially none of them were assigned to Joseon workers. The housing instability of Joseon workers during the General Mobilization System period was completely ignored by both the Japanese Government-General of Korea and companies.