Validation of Practical Pathway in Patients With Anaphylaxis to Low Osmolar Contrast Media: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: An optimal strategy for choosing safe alternative low osmolar contrast media (LOCM) has not yet been established in patients with a history of LOCM-induced anaphylaxis. OBJECTIVES: To validate the practical pathway in patients with anaphylaxis to LOCMs and to compare 2 different doses of challenge testing with skin test-negative LOCM. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients with LOCM-induced anaphylaxis. Patients were challenged with intravenous LOCMs showing negativity in the skin test according to 2 different protocols: low-dose and high-dose (maximum dose 10 and 30 mL, respectively). Challenge-negative LOCMs were selected for use during computed tomography scans, and patients received intravenous pretreatment with 4 mg chlorpheniramine and 40 mg methylprednisolone. RESULTS: Of the 110 challenge tests, there were 4 (3.6%) positive challenges. Among 106 enhanced computed tomography scans performed using challenge-negative LOCMs, breakthrough reactions occurred in 8 (7.6%). Breakthrough reaction rates were not statistically different between the 2 protocols (8.9% and 6.0% in the low-dose challenge and the high-dose challenge, respectively). Compared with the low-dose protocol, the number needed to test of the high-dose challenge test decreased 2.5-fold. Moreover, none of the patients in the high-dose challenge group incurred severe reactions during computed tomography scans with challenge-negative LOCM, whereas 80% of reactions were severe in the low-dose challenge group. CONCLUSIONS: We validated a pathway consisting of a battery of skin testing to LOCMs and challenge with skin test-negative LOCM in patients with LOCM-induced anaphylaxis. (C) 2022 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology