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Public Policy Implementation in Zimbabwe and Economic Development : 짐바브웨의 공공 정책 이행 및 경제 개발 (토착화 경제 역량 강화 정책의 통찰력)2008-2021
Insight of Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy - IEEP 2008-2021

DC Field Value Language
dc.contributor.advisor최창용-
dc.contributor.author저스틴-
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-29T02:39:13Z-
dc.date.available2023-06-29T02:39:13Z-
dc.date.issued2023-
dc.identifier.other000000175301-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/194472-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dcollection.snu.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000175301ko_KR
dc.description학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 행정대학원 글로벌행정전공, 2023. 2. 최창용.-
dc.description.abstractNations formerly colonized in the 19th to 20th century embarked on redressing the entangled ownership of economic productive assets through the process called Indigenization Economic and Empowerment systems. The action focused on rectifying the resources equity caused by colonial imbalances and injustices to indigenous people. The empowerment initiatives varied in the way countries handled these programs. Countries that include Malaysia, South Africa, Zambia, Brazil and recently Zimbabwe joined the movement to indigenize and economically empower indigenous people. The identical cause of the initiative is to emancipate the inclusion roles for ordinary citizens in activities of the national socio-economic growth mainstreams. This correction was done by opening equity to resources ownership and redistribution of productive assets to previously deprived and underprivileged indigenous populations, groups that were caused by injustices and imbalance of colonial power. The hindrances caused vulnerability and seclusion of local communities, ordinary indigenous people not participating in the economic growth and remain impoverished and disadvantaged. The research paper sought to have an in-depth understanding and analysis with an impression to evaluate the Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy of Zimbabwe. Largely, the Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy in its process became controversial being pointed to as a Statutory Instrument designed to give politicians, army generals and ruling party loyalists, their families power to grab and seize to their interest national resources while neglecting the intended State assurances to empower all ordinary citizens. This resulted in national arguments that the policy gave access to individual politicians, elites to penetrate country resources and have major personal benefits. Furthermore, the policy is accused of being used and is continuously being used by elites to commit and validate economic lawlessness, unfair practices and expropriations. (Ibrahim et, al.2017) reasoned that a policy is only a good plan deposited in the archive if it is not implemented or executed correctly. The research finds a synopsis in compliance to State, if Zimbabwe majority benefited as intended by the policy. The study vehemently sought evidence with balanced evaluations to the IEEP towards objectives, constraining factors, implementation procedures, and achievements of rule of law as well as policies effectiveness and efficiency in the Republic of Zimbabwe.-
dc.description.abstract이전 19세기에서 20세기에 식민지였던 국가들은 토착화 경제와 권한 부여 라고 불리는 과정을 통해 경제적, 생산적 자산의 얽히고 설킨 소유권을 바로잡기 시작했다. 해당 조치는 식민지 불균형과 불평등으로 인해 발생하는 자원 형평성을 고치는 데에 초점을 맞췄다. 권한 부여 계획은 국가들이 이러한 프로그램을 처리하는 방식에 따라 다양하게 나타났다. 말레이시아, 남아프리카공화국, 잠비아, 브라질, 그리고 최근 짐바브웨를 포함한 국가들은 토착민들을 토착화하고 경제적으로 힘을 실어주기 위한 운동에 동참했다. 이 계획의 동일한 이유는 국가의 사회경제적 성장의 주된 흐름에 있는 활동에서의 일반시민들의 내포된 활동으로부터 해방시키는 것을 들 수 있다. 이러한 수정은 자원 소유에 대한 형평성을 개방하고 이전에 박탈당하고 소외된 원주민 인구, 즉 부당함과 식민지 권력의 불균형으로 인해 발생한 집단에 생산적 자산을 재분배함으로써 이루어졌다. 저해요인이 지역 사회의 취약성과 고립을 경제 성장에 참여하지 않는 일반 원주민들에게 야기했고, 그들을 가난하고 불리한 상태로 남아 있게 했다. 본 연구논문은 짐바브웨의 토착화 경제적 권한 부여 정책을 인상적으로 보고 이를 평가하기 위해 심층적인 이해와 분석을 추구하였다. 대체로, 그 과정에서 일반 시민에게 권한을 부여하는 것은 무시하는 반면, 토착화 경제 권한 부여 정책은 정치인, 육군 장성 및 여당 충성파, 그들의 가족에게 국가 자원을 움켜쥐고 장악할 수 있는 권한을 부여하기 위해 고안된 법적 수단으로 지적되어 논란이 되었다. 이것은 정책이 국가 자원에 침투하고 주요 개인적 이익을 가질 수 있는 개인 정치인, 엘리트들에게 접근을 허용한다는 국가적 주장을 낳았다. 더욱이, 이 정책은 올바르게 구현되거나 실행되지 않는 경우에만 기록에 저장된 좋은 계획일 뿐이라는 이유로 경제적 도적 행위, 불공정 관행 및 수용을 저지르고 검증하기 위해 엘리트들에 의해 계속 사용되고 있다고 비난 받고 있다(Ibrahim et, al. 2017). 이 연구는 짐바브웨 대다수가 정책의 의도대로 이익을 얻는다면 국가에 부합하는 시놉시스를 찾는다. 이 연구는 짐바브웨 공화국의 정책 효과와 효율성뿐만 아니라 목표, 제약 요인, 실행 절차, 법치주의의 성과에 대한 균형 잡힌 평가를 통해 증거를 격렬하게 모색했다.
학번: 2021-23401
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dc.description.tableofcontents1.0 CHAPTER 1 4
1.1 Introduction and background 4
1.2 Introduction 4
1.3 Background and history of Indigenization Economic Empowerment in Zimbabwe 5
1.4 Justification and validation of the Zimbabwe Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy 8
1.5 Objectives of Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy in Zimbabwe 9
1.6 Challenges and problems that are associated to the of IEEP programmes 10
1.7 The problem statement 11
1.8 The research objectives and intentions 12
1.8.1 Objectives of the study 12
1.9 The research questions 13
1.10 The research methodology 13
1.10.1 Qualitative research 13
1.10.2 The advantages of qualitative research 13
1.10.3 The shortcomings of qualitative research 14
1.10.4 Thematic analysis to the research 15
1.11 Definition of key terms 15
1.12 The dissertation structure 16
1.13 Chapter conclusion 17
2.0 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 18
2.1Comparative examination of Indigenization Economic Empowerment Agenda/policies and schemes 18
2.1.1 Introduction 18
2.1.2 The nationalization of mines by Zambia 19
2.1.3 Nationalization project challenges to Zambia 21
2.1.4 Copper mines privatization in Zambia 23
2.2 Black economic empowerment in South Africa 25
2.2.1 The setbacks of BEE in South Africa 29
2.2.2 Supplementary solutions to BEE of South Africa 32
2.3 Nationalization petroleum sector in Norway 32
2.4 Studies on Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy in Zimbabwe 35
2.5 The study significance 39
2.6 Conclusion of the chapter 39
3.0 CHAPTER 3: 41
3.1 The Theoretical and Analytical frameworks 41
3.1.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Mesquita's Selectorate Theory 41
3.2.1 Private benefits and small coalitions 43
3.2.2 Selectorate Theory Support 46
3.2.3 The cognizance of national drawbacks (race- unity and struggle) 48
3.2.4 The Selectorate Theory criticism 50
3.3 Analysis/Investigative Framework 52
3.4 Summative Evaluations to projects 53
3.4.1 The Formative Evaluation 54
3.4.2.Formative Evaluation advantages 56
3.4.3 Formative Evaluation limitations 56
3.5The conceptualization of implementation 57
3.6 Successful policy implementation 57
3.7 Chapter Conclusion 59
4. 0 CHAPTER 4 60
4.1 The legislative framework for Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy (IEEP) In Zimbabwe 60
4.1.1 Introduction 60
4.1.2 Indigenization economic empowerment background in Zimbabwe 61
4.1.3 The land redistribution programme 63
4.1.4 Numerous National Constitution amendments 63
4.1.5 Impediments of land acquisition act of 1992 65
4.1.6 The Fast-Track Land Reform Programme itself, - FTLRP 66
4.2 The existing legal framework for Indigenization in Zimbabwe 68
4.3 Indigenization and Economic Empowerment Act/Policy provisions (2008) 69
4.3.1 The founding of community share-ownership trusts: 69
4.3.2 The Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy actors and its implementation 70
4.4 The ambiguity and loopholes of the IEEP policy as whole 71
4.5 Chapter conclusion 73
5.0 CHAPTER 5 75
5.1 The implementation of Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy in Zimbabwe 75
5.1 1 Introduction 75
5.1.2 Triumphs of Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy - IEEP 75
5.1.3 The building up community ownership trusts/schemes 76
5.2 Challenges affecting Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy effective implementation in Zimbabwe 77
5.2.1 Non-existence of foreign direct investments- (FDI) 77
5.2.2 The Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy inconsistency 79
5.2.3 Underperformance of the Zimbabwe economy 80
5.2.4 Shutting down of companies in Zimbabwe. 81
5.3 Contribution of local communities to the policy events. 82
5.4 Information and communication non-existence/breakdown 83
5.5 Unavailability of critical economic inputs 84
5.6 Relationship between people and land - (land tenure) 85
5.7 Ability of institutions to sustain the Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy. 85
5.8 Anomalies associated to the land distribution 87
5.9 Reallocated unused/underutilized land 87
5.10 Interference of politics on IEEP implementation process in Zimbabwe 88
5.11 Unintended consequences to the Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy in Zimbabwe 91
5.11.1 Decrease in economic production 91
5.11.2 Environment: Land Degradation 92
5.11.3 Farm workforce crisis after being chased out of the farmland areas 93
5.11.4 Decline of national revenue tax base 93
5.11.5 Destruction of homes and interconnectedness risks 94
5.12 Chapter conclusion 95
6.0 CHAPTER 6: 97
6.1 Feasible determinations to challenges of Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy in Zimbabwe 97
6.1.1 Introduction 97
6.2 Effective contribution and participation 97
6.3 Leadership alignment of national policies to partisan politics 98
6.4 Communication ethics and information access 98
6.5 Innovation and overhauling of the agricultural sector in Zimbabwe 99
6.5.1 Property tenancy 99
6.5.2 Support of new farm entrants to agriculture and farming 100
6.5.3 The Community-Based Ownership trusts and schemes 101
6.5.4 The factor of licensing and permits 102
6.5.5 Obtainability of foreign direct investors and other potential investors 102
6.5.6 Rewards for reviving the Zimbabwe economy 104
6.5.7 Compulsory reforestation for sustainable development 104
6.5.8 Tightening laws against dodging and circumvention of tax to government 105
6.5.9 Fighting/combating against corruption in the economy 106
6.6 Chapter conclusion 107
7.0 CHAPTER 7 109
7.1 The recommendations, summary and conclusion 109
7.1.1 Introduction 109
7.1.2 Observing and abiding to rule of law 109
7.1.3 Solidification of institutional capability 110
7.1.4 Value addition on projects affiliated to empowerment- use of 'Expanding Pie Theory' 110
7.1.5 Dedication to funding of Research and Development- (R&D) 111
7.1.6 Independence of oversight institutions while strengthening evaluation & monitoring systems to curb corruption 112
7.1.8 The community trusts and schemes 112
7.1.9 Creation of national reserve wealth funds 113
7.1.10 Protection and preservation planning for environment 114
7.1.11 Continuous implementation of the IEEP over three to four decades 115
7.2 Research summary and limitations 116
7.3 Research conclusion 117
8 REFERENCES 118
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dc.format.extent140-
dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subjectMaster’s Thesis of Public Administration ( 12 August 2021 to 22 December 2022-
dc.subject.ddc351-
dc.titlePublic Policy Implementation in Zimbabwe and Economic Development-
dc.title.alternative짐바브웨의 공공 정책 이행 및 경제 개발 (토착화 경제 역량 강화 정책의 통찰력)2008-2021-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.typeDissertation-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthorBingura-
dc.contributor.department행정대학원 글로벌행정전공-
dc.description.degree석사-
dc.date.awarded2023-02-
dc.title.subtitleInsight of Indigenization Economic Empowerment Policy - IEEP 2008-2021-
dc.contributor.majorPublic Management and Public Sector Reforms-
dc.identifier.uciI804:11032-000000175301-
dc.identifier.holdings000000000049▲000000000056▲000000175301▲-
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