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Large-Scale Synthesis and In Situ TEM Investigation of MoS2 monolayers for Electronic and Catalytic Applications : 전자 소자 및 촉매로의 응용을 위한 단일층 MoS2의 대면적 합성 및 실시간 투과전자현미경 분석 연구

DC Field Value Language
dc.contributor.advisor박정원-
dc.contributor.author김지훈-
dc.date.accessioned2023-11-20T04:27:01Z-
dc.date.available2023-11-20T04:27:01Z-
dc.date.issued2023-
dc.identifier.other000000179450-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10371/196580-
dc.identifier.urihttps://dcollection.snu.ac.kr/common/orgView/000000179450ko_KR
dc.description학위논문(박사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 공과대학 화학생물공학부, 2023. 8. 박정원.-
dc.description.abstractAtomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for future electronic and catalytic applications, owing to their distinctive structures and properties. The extensive surface to volume ratio of these 2D materials enhances the number of chemically active sites, resulting in efficient heterogeneous surface reaction. Furthermore, robust and flexible characteristics of 2D materials pave the way for novel technologies such as 2D field-effect transistors (FETs) and wearable electronics. Among numerous 2D materials, the MoS2 monolayer has a direct bandgap energy of 1.8 eV and unique semiconducting characteristics, making it ideal for various device applications such as curved neuromorphic image sensor and atomic heterojunction catalyst. In order to make progress in MoS2-based electronics and catalysts, it is essential to achieve large-scale synthesis of MoS2 monolayers and gain a fundamental understanding of surface reaction occurring on the MoS2.

This thesis describes the advancement in large-scale MoS2 synthesis and basic understanding of surface reactions on the MoS2. A novel precursor is introduced in the synthesis process, enabling the production of high-quality MoS2 monolayers suitable for fabricating FETs and flexible devices. In addition, the heterogeneous surface reactions on the MoS2 are investigated using in situ liquid-phase and heating TEM, which allows analyzing phenomena such as H2 evolution and epitaxial growth of metal nanoparticles.

First, wafer-scale production of MoS2 and alloy monolayers is achieved through the introduction of metal oxide nanoparticles as a precursor in chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Conversion of the nanoparticle precursors serves to create nucleation sites for the MoS2 growth and supply the necessary metal precursors, facilitating the MoS2 monolayer synthesis with excellent quality. As-grown MoS2 monolayers exhibit high electron mobility and on/off ratio, making them suitable for large-scale applications in flexible electronics.

Next, the real-time observation of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and electrolyte diffusion on the MoS2 surface is conducted using in situ liquid-phase electrochemical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This approach allows for the direct investigation of sequential activations of various active sites in a liquid environment. Moreover, the electrolyte flow towards the active sites is influenced by the reduction potential and the resulting wettability of electrolyte, influencing bubble detachment and overall HER activity of the MoS2 monolayer.

Finally, new growth mechanisms of epitaxial heterostructure are proposed based on a direct investigation of epitaxial Pt growth on the MoS2 monolayer using in situ heating TEM. In addition to the atomic attachment during epitaxial growth, the early stages of nucleation and growth involve coalescence and reversible disorder-order transition of nanocrystals. These newly suggested growth pathways can offer valuable insights for identifying crucial growth parameters and advancing the synthesis process of the epitaxial heterostructures.
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dc.description.abstract최근 인공 지능 및 재생 에너지 기술과 같은 공학 기술의 비약적 진보로 인해 고성능의 하드웨어 개발이 필수적이며, 이를 위해 전자 소자 및 촉매 소자의 집적도를 높이는 것이 필요하다. 따라서, 집적도 향상을 위해 원자 수준의 두께를 가진 2차원 물질은 차세대 기술에 적용될 후보로 급부상하고 있다.

본 논문에서는 2차원 물질 중 반도체 성질을 가지는 단일층의 MoS2 물질을 2인치 웨이퍼 기판 위에 대면적으로 균일하게 합성하고, 이를 초박막 유연 소자에 적용하는 연구를 다루고 있다. 또한, 실시간 투과전자현미경을 통해 단일층의 MoS2 표면 위에서 발생하는 화학 반응을 직접적으로 분석하고 메커니즘을 제시하였다. 자세한 내용은 다음과 같다.

첫 번째로, 나노 입자를 화학 기상 증착법의 전구체로 활용하여 단일층의 MoS2 물질을 대면적 균일 합성하였고, 이종 원소의 나노 입자를 혼합하여 전구체로 활용하여 MoS2의 조성을 효과적으로 제어하였다. 또한, 이를 트랜지스터 소자 및 초박막 유연 소자에 적용하여 일반적인 상태 및 기계적 스트레스가 부여된 상태 모두 정상 동작함을 확인하여 대면적 피부 부착형 유연 소자로의 응용이 가능함을 증명하였다.

다음으로, 실시간 액상투과전자현미경을 활용하여 단일층의 MoS2를 수소 발생 반응의 전기화학촉매로 적용하였고, MoS2의 결함 부분 또는 엣지의 반응 활성 차이를 직접적으로 분석하였다. 또한, MoS2-버블 계면을 통해 전해질이 침투 및 확산하여 활성점에 전달되는 현상을 새롭게 제시하였고, 전해질-촉매 간 친화력이 촉매 활성에 중요 요소가 될 수 있음을 확인하여 반응 활성을 높이는 전략을 제시하였다.

마지막으로, 실시간 가열투과전자현미경을 도입하여 실제 합성 환경을 모사하고 Pt/MoS2 헤테로 구조체의 초기 합성 과정을 고분해능으로 분석하였다. 이에 따라, 백금이 MoS2 표면 위에서 성장하는 초기 거동을 직접적으로 분석하였음은 물론 입자의 에피텍셜 성장 경로를 분류하여 메커니즘을 제시하였으며, 에피텍셜 헤테로 구조체의 형성 과정에서 에피텍시를 갖추기 위해 비정질화-결정화 전이가 동반된다는 사실을 새로이 규명하였다.
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dc.description.tableofcontentsChapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1. Two-dimensional materials for future applications 1
1.2. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer 2
1.3. Purpose of research 4
Chapter 2 Wafer-scale production of MoS2 monolayers by nanocrystal conversion for large-scale ultrathin flexible electronics 6
2.1. Introduction 6
2.2. Methods 8
2.2.1. Materials 8
2.2.2. Synthesis of nanoparticle precursors 8
2.2.3. APCVD growth of MoS2 monolayer flakes and film 9
2.2.4. APCVD growth of Mo1-xWxS2 alloy monolayers 10
2.2.5. Characterization methods 10
2.2.6. DFT calculation 11
2.2.7. Modified surface-energy-assisted MoS2 transfer 11
2.2.8. Device fabrication 12
2.3. Results and Discussion 14
2.3.1. Uniform synthesis of MoS2 monolayer on 2-inch wafer 14
2.3.2. Bandgap engineering of MoS2 monolayer with the mixed nanoparticle precursors 16
2.3.3. Conversion of the MoO2 nanoparticle for MoS2 growth 18
2.3.4. Uniform properties of MoS2-based FETs and flexible electronics 20
Chapter 3 Observation of H2 evolution and electrolyte diffusion on MoS2 monolayer by in situ liquid-phase TEM 50
3.1. Introduction 50
3.2. Methods 53
3.2.1. Characterization of MoS2 monolayers 53
3.2.2. Transfer-printing of MoS2 monolayers on the microchip 53
3.2.3. In situ liquid-phase TEM setup 54
3.2.4. Electrochemical measurement 55
3.2.5. Training and denoising of in situ LPTEM images 55
3.2.6. MD simulation 56
3.3. Results and Discussion 58
3.3.1. In situ electrochemical LPTEM analysis of hydrogen evolution reaction on MoS2 monolayer 58
3.3.2. Sequential H2 evolution from different types of HER active sites 61
3.3.3. Potential-induced electrolyte insertion to the active sites 63
3.3.4. Surface wetting of the electrolyte and H2 bubbles on the MoS2 monolayer 66
3.3.5. Discussion for H2 bubble growth on the blocked active sites 67
3.3.6. Enhanced electrolyte wetting on the MoS2 layer by applied potential 68
3.3.7. Potential-induced electrolyte insertion through gas-solid interface 69
3.3.8. MD simulation for investigating surface wettability and ion distribution at the active sites 70
Chapter 4 Heteroepitaxial growth of Pt nanocrystals on MoS2 monolayer investigated by in situ heating TEM 97
4.1. Introduction 97
4.2. Methods 100
4.2.1. MoS2 synthesis and Pt precursor deposition on the MoS2 monolayer 100
4.2.2. Transfer-printing of holey carbon and MoS2 on the heating TEM chip 100
4.2.3. Characterization of Pt/MoS2 heterostructure 101
4.2.4. In situ heating TEM setup 101
4.2.5. FFT analysis of time-series TEM images 102
4.2.6. TEM simulation for investigating tilted Pt nanocrystals 102
4.3. Results and Discussion 103
4.3.1. In situ heating TEM investigation for Pt epitaxial growth on MoS2 layer 103
4.3.2. Crystallization pathways of Pt nanocrystals on the MoS2 layer 105
4.3.3. Different types of heteroepitaxial Pt nanocrystal growth 106
Chapter 5 Summary and Conclusions 122
Bibliography 124
국 문 초 록 138
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dc.format.extentxi, 142-
dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisher서울대학교 대학원-
dc.subjectTwo-dimensional materials-
dc.subjectmolybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-
dc.subjectlarge-scale synthesis-
dc.subjecthydrogen evolution reaction (HER)-
dc.subjecttransmission electron microscopy (TEM)-
dc.subjectepitaxial growth-
dc.subject.ddc660.6-
dc.titleLarge-Scale Synthesis and In Situ TEM Investigation of MoS2 monolayers for Electronic and Catalytic Applications-
dc.title.alternative전자 소자 및 촉매로의 응용을 위한 단일층 MoS2의 대면적 합성 및 실시간 투과전자현미경 분석 연구-
dc.typeThesis-
dc.typeDissertation-
dc.contributor.AlternativeAuthorKIM Jihoon-
dc.contributor.department공과대학 화학생물공학부-
dc.description.degree박사-
dc.date.awarded2023-08-
dc.identifier.uciI804:11032-000000179450-
dc.identifier.holdings000000000050▲000000000058▲000000179450▲-
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