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전시 총동원체제기 개발동맹의 형성과 토건업계의 동향 - 경성(조선)토목건축업협회의 활동을 중심으로 - : The Formation ofDevelopment Allianceand the Aspects of the Civil Engineering and Construction Industry of Colonial Chosŏn in the Wartime - Focusing on the Association for Kyŏngsŏng (Chosŏn) Civil Engineering and Construction -

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고태우

Issue Date
2020-09
Publisher
연세대학교 국학연구원
Citation
동방학지 No.192, pp.105-144
Abstract
1930년대 중후반 조선 건설경기의 흥기는 식민지 토건업계에 기회가 되었다. 식민권력은 자신들의 통제 아래 늘어나는 공사를 적절히 소화하기 위한 강력한 토건업 단체가 필요했다. 그 결과 1936년 경성토목건축업협회(1940년 이후 조선토목건축업협회)가 설립되었다. 이전의 조선토목건축협회가 토건업자들의 이익단체였다면, 경성토목건축업협회는 식민권력과 유력 업자들을 매개하는 단체였다.
1937년부터 진행된 노동자 알선사업에서 보듯이, 협회를 매개로 하여 식민권력과 유력 토건업자 사이의 파트너십이 형성되었다. 식민권력은 일본 독점자본을 유치해 공업화를 추진하고 조선 남부의 과잉 노동력을 북부로 수송해 개발정책을 원활히 추진할 수 있었다. 토건업자는 수급된 노동력으로 공사를 진행했고, 일본 독점자본은 그 구축된 기반 시설로 이윤을 추구했다. 국가-기업(업자) 개발동맹의 형성이었다.
개발동맹에 입각한 토건사업은 전쟁과 더불어 급팽창했다. 건설 붐과 함께 일부 조선인 토건업자들도 성장했다. 그렇지만 조선 전체 공사의 70~80%를 개발동맹에 가담한 협회 소속의 유력 토건업자들이 차지하는 등 토건업계는 양극화 양상이 뚜렷했다. 조선에서의 개발 이익은 소수의 유력 업자들에게 집중되었다.

The colonial authority needed a strong civil engineering and construction organization to handle the growing number of construction projects in the mid- to late-1930s that they wanted to complete. As a result, the Association for Kyŏngsŏng Civil Engineering and Construction (Kyŏngsŏng tomok kŏnchukŏp hyŏphoe; 京城土木建築業協會) was established in 1936. The previous Association for Chosŏn Civil Engineering and Construction (Chosŏn tomok kŏnchuk hyŏphoe; 朝鮮土木建築協會) was an organization formed solely to benefit civil engineering and construction contractors, the Association for Kyŏngsŏng Civil Engineering and Construction was an interest group that mediated between the colonial authorities and influential civil engineering and construction contractors.
As can be seen by the governments labor mediation project in 1937, a partnership between the colonial authorities and influential contractors formed around the new Association. The colonial authorities promoted the industrialization of Chosŏn by inviting monopolistic capital from Japan and transporting workers from southern Chosŏn to the northern regions. Civil engineering and construction contractors completed their contracts with the supplied labor while the Japanese monopolistic capital profited off of the completed projects. This can be called the formation of a public-private development alliance.
The civil engineering business that grew up around this development alliance rapidly grew during the war. Some Korean civil engineering and construction contractors grew by riding the wave of the booming construction industry. However, 70–80% of all construction projects in Chosŏn were completed by influential civil engineering and construction contractors that were involved in the development alliance, polarizing the civil engineering and construction industry.
ISSN
1226-6728
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/197917
DOI
https://doi.org/10.17788/dbhc.2020..192.005
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