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Identifying the Hot Spot Residues of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Using MM-PBSA and Multiple Force Fields

Cited 2 time in Web of Science Cited 3 time in Scopus
Authors

Byun, Jin Young; Lee, Ju Yong

Issue Date
2022-01
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Citation
Life, Vol.12 No.1, p. 54
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the binding affinities between the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 virus (Mpro) and its various ligands to identify the hot spot residues of the protease. To benchmark the influence of various force fields on hot spot residue identification and binding free energy calculation, we performed MD simulations followed by MM-PBSA analysis with three different force fields: CHARMM36, AMBER99SB, and GROMOS54a7. We performed MD simulations with 100 ns for 11 protein-ligand complexes. From the series of MD simulations and MM-PBSA calculations, it is identified that the MM-PBSA estimations using different force fields are weakly correlated to each other. From a comparison between the force fields, AMBER99SB and GROMOS54a7 results are fairly correlated while CHARMM36 results show weak or almost no correlations with the others. Our results suggest that MM-PBSA analysis results strongly depend on force fields and should be interpreted carefully. Additionally, we identified the hot spot residues of Mpro, which play critical roles in ligand binding through energy decomposition analysis. It is identified that the residues of the S4 subsite of the binding site, N142, M165, and R188, contribute strongly to ligand binding. In addition, the terminal residues, D295, R298, and Q299 are identified to have attractive interactions with ligands via electrostatic and solvation energy. We believe that our findings will help facilitate developing the novel inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2.
ISSN
0024-3019
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/201511
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/life12010054
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  • Graduate School of Convergence Science & Technology
  • Dept. of Molecular and Biopharmaceutical Sciences
Research Area AI models for drug discovery, Free energy calculation, Molecular dynamics, 분자동역학, 신약개발을 위한 AI 모델, 자유에너지 계산

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