지그문트 프로이트와 로베르트 무질의 글쓰기 ─ <꿈의 해석>과 <특성 없는 남자>를 중심으로

Abstract

Sigmund Freuds The Interpretation of Dreams was published in 1900 and Robert Musils The Man Without Qualities was left unfinished due to the sudden death of the author in 1942. Having survived the vicissitudes of World War I and II, the two literary works are now both regarded as masterpieces of the 20th century. This paper focuses on the unique relationship between these two works, which can be seen as typical examples of psychoanalytical writing, and emphasizes the writings of Freud and Musil. Seen from a psychoanalytical perspective, Ulrich, the protagonist in Musils The Man Without Qualities, is a man without an Oedipus Complex. In this aspect, Musil is a writer who depicted an anti-Oedipus character type in his work even before Deleuze and Guattari published their Anti-Oedipus in 1972. The first part deals with the anti-Oedipus character types found in The Man Without Qualities. The murderer Moosbrugger, who is a lone wanderer without a family, typifies an anti-Oedipus character. Also, the dramatic confrontation of Ulrich and his sister collides with the psychology of avoiding incest described in Freuds Totem and Taboo. In addition, Musils proposal of holy conversation and his use of Siam twins challenge the family relations set up in Freuds psychoanalysis. The second part centers on the discourse of sexuality seen in the perspective shown in The Interpretation of Dreams, in such cases as Freuds analyses of Irmas dream and Bismarcks dream. Todays heated discussions on the discourse of sexuality have been influenced in part by the discourse of sexuality found in Freuds work. Also, the countless symbol words that appear in The Interpretation of Dreams take on fetish-like qualities. In The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud actively uses fetish as a productive tool used for writing. Thus psychoanalytical writing is interconnected with fetish writing. In the critical viewpoints of Deleuze and Guattari, Freuds psychoanalytical writing is meshed with Oedipus writing. In conclusion, Freud can be called a poeta doctus of the academic realm, while Musil can be called a poeta doctus of the literary realm. Freuds writing crosses over the boundaries between the areas of literature, art and academia, while Musils writing covers the areas of mathematics, natural sciences and cultural sciences. In this sense, Freud and Musil were pioneers who opened the doorway toward microscopic/macroscopic writing against the backdrop of the 20th century.