미국의 흑인운동

Abstract

In defining black movements in America, this paper postulates that the concepts of realm and public-sphere are useful for analyzing social movements.

The first aim of this paper is to grasp the main streams of black movements in modem American society by using the two concepts mentioned above.

The main streams of black movements in America can be roughly classified into integrationism and nationalism, which have had a distinct and continuous influence on blank movements.

All social movements can be classified into two types. One puts emphasis on symbol-value and the other on movement organization.

This paper analyzed such cases as Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr., and the NAACP. Martin Luther King Jr. emphasizes symbol-value based on integrationism and the NAACP applied integrationism to organizing movement group.

The argue of Malcolm X and that of Marcus Garvey were commonly based on black nationalsm, but they are not compeletely identical. While Malcolm X focused on symbol-value, Garvey tended to give weight to separatism in organizing movement group, the UNIA.