중국의 제2산업혁명 - 국가-농민사회 관계를 통해 본 鄕鎭산업화

Abstract

Xiangzhen industrialization, the most important achievement of Deng Xiaoping"s reform, involves social and economic transformation of China"s eight hundred million peasant population and constitutes what might be considered the second industrial revolution in the Chinese history. This new line of economic development has been buttressed by the active role of peasant society and families whose organizational autonomy has been reinstated through rural decollectivization. The state now pursues economic development by relying on, not replacing, peasant society. Agricultural institutional privatization, based upon a series of production responsibility systems, has been more significantly responsible for sectoral diversification of the peasant economy than for improvement in agricultural productivity. That is, the impact of private farming should be found more crucially in the reshaping of the macro institutional relationship between the state and peasant society than in the improvement of the micro process of farm work. Also, various concessions made by the state for peasants - e.g., upward adjustment of the state procurement prices of farm products and substantial liberalization of the residential and occupational choices of peasants - helped prepare the financial and social conditions of new entrepreneurial and laboring opportunities. The reformist regime, consciously detaching itself from the dualist or urban-biased developmental ideology of the predecessor regime, has successfully tapped the indigenous developmental zeal and potential of grassroots peasant society.