일본의 평화운동 - 군위안부 문제 해결을 위한 운동을 중심으로

Abstract

This paper tries to analyze the structure of social movements for the resolution of the problem of Military Sexual Slavery by Japan which were developed since the end of the 1980s. This paper uses the literary survey on the research papers and the primary materials such as newspapers, pamphlets of the organizations involved in this movement and the government publications. It also uses the interview materials enforced with the activists and the results of the questionaire survey to some 50 organizations.

Four major actors of this movement in Japan can be identified: the government, right wing opinion makers, established organizations with large scale and long history, and small groups. The former two are counter powers oppressing the movement. Most of the large organizations which already had their own contents of movement and strong networks with established social parts changed their positions when the Japanese government established the policy, "Asian Women"s Fund" and began to help the government or very negatively make activities. Even though the movement was started by the large organizations and then small groups were formed for this issue, now is the situation that only small groups are struggling without effective network with each other.

The movement was started from the women"s movement, but it has been spread to the other civil movements such as war compensation movement, the movement of Koreans in Japan, community movement, movement of chritian or catholic churches, labor movement and other human rights movement. In every area of those movements the above trend of the movement appeared. That is, various small groups which are divided into several groups with different positions are making activities in the hard conditions. Those groups are divided especially toward the "Asian Women"s Fund"; some are totally opposes the Fund and others are trying to find out the bargaining point.

Such conditions of the movement reflects the Japanese consciousness toward the war problems, and also reflect overall situation of social movements in Japan where the government and communities with conservative characteristics play important roles.