동북아와 중남미지역 체제 종교-정치구조의 국제관계적 연원에 대한 비교 연구

Abstract

In the process of pursuing institutional survival and expansion, religion encounters the domestic state, the hegemonic state of the international system, and other religions. Religion has to establish friendly and/or conflictual relationships with these entities. These religion-centered set of relations may have significant consequences for international relations. In the West, the relationship between the state and the religion has been mutually supportive despite the existence of some conflicts. In contrast, in the non-West, religion often is a source of tension because of conflicting views regarding proper response to the West which can be found among the state, traditional religions, and imported religions. This article explores how such general description of the relationship between religion and international relations is actualized in the East Asian and Latin American regional systems. To pursue such research goal, the similarities between the two religio-political structures (revival of religion and the expansion of Protestant Christianity) and the differences (the level of transplantation of Western religion, the characteristics of religious composition, the revival of traditional religion, separatist movement based on religion, and the degree of religious freedom) are enumerated. Then, the macro and the micro origins of such religion-political structure are proposed: Westernization, survival of traditional religion, factionalism and alliance, secularization, and religious opening.