중국의 도시 외래노동력 시장 구조와 국가 - 상해시를 예로

Abstract

The urban labour markets in China are characterized by enormous inflow of rural labourers into cities. This results, combined with the institutional division of the status of peasants and urbanites, in a structural fragmentation of the labour markets in big cities like Shanghai.

The labour forces from other provinces form a sort of peripheral labour market distinguished from that of Shanghai citizens. The former are not only excluded from the job distribution by the state and but also from the benefits of so called "public goods"(housing, education, various social securities including rent and medical care etc.) distributed to the urbanites via each working unit. Their presence is rather regarded only as a burden. In addition, the immigrants are allegedly taking away jobs from the hands of city people, who recently are experiencing a growing unemployment because of enterprise restructuring and transformation of industrial structure.

Nonetheless the marketization of economic system requires logically no other than formation of an integral labour market. The employers are also trying to absorb low-priced labour forces. In fact, the immigrants have satisfied the lack of labour forces arising from a relatively rapid development of economy on the one hand and from unwillingness on the part of the urbanites to work under relatively bad working conditions on the other hand. This is a dilemma to the state, whose concrete policy can not but reflect the interest and power relations among the social forces.