종교경험과 신념체계 ; 칸트 종교철학의 초월철학적 성격

Abstract

It is well known that Kant tended to live in peace and disliked a life of change. His writing on the philosophy of religion, Religion within the Limits of Reason alone (Die Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloβen Vernunft) was published in conflictual situations, With the publication of this writing he was charged of an abuse of philosophy, which results in distortion and vilification of main and basic doctrines of Bible and Christendom and which leads to a beach of duty as a youth teacher. And he was pressed to keep quite about the religious mailers by' the conservative theologians and the king of Prussia. The ultimate cause of this conflict lies in the character of his philosophy of religion which is in essence a Critical Philosophy. The transcendental-philosophical approach, on which bases the Critical Philosophy, is made up two stages. The first step is the analysis of experience for finding out preconditions of a specific experience. and the second step is a meta-reflection on the clements of preconditions of experience and on the frame of a theory of experience. The transcendental-philosophical approach in field of the philosophy of religion starts with the analysis of a specific experience, namely the propensity to Evil, and asks for the objective reality of the ideas like 'intelligible act', 'true church', 'ethical Commonwealth', Unlike civil community, 'ethical Commonwealth' is a idea of community which cannot come from positive laws and reduce to positive laws. The philosophical faculty can assert its rights on all teachings in oder to verify their truth, The vocation of philosopher is to work in public against professionals (like clergymen, lawyers, doctors) and government officers in their playing the role of a kind of magician in face of religious and secular mailers for der sake of common people who like to live for the fulfillment of natural needs.