갑오개혁 전후 군사제도의 변화-해방제도와 근대적 해군창설 계획을 중심으로-

Abstract

This research mainly examined the Chosun dynasty's governmental policy (from 1882 till 1894) of military administrations and operations(including the maritime defense procedures), which was part of the government's ongoing efforts to achieve independent modernization. After the Imo-year soldiers' insurgence which took place in 1882, the Ching dynasty authorities and their forces started to interfere in the Chosun dynasty's maritime defense control and even attempted to take over it. The Chosun government responded to this by establishing the maritime defense headquarters instructed to guard the regions nearby the capital area, in December 1883. But the Ching authorities were also considering the option of even dethroning the Chosun King, especially after being irritated with the secret Chosun-Russian talks which had been conducted by those two countries. Feeling imminent danger. King Gojong decided to relocate the defense headquarters to the Bupyeong area. and again. to the Yongsan area. Finally the headquarters were re-established at the outer edges of the Nam-san mountain. and forces under the headquarters' jurisdiction were enlisted in the defense operations of the royal palace by King Gojons's orders, In April 1888. the efforts maintained by the Chosun government to achieve independent defense capabilities have virtually failed. as the headquarters were finally incorporated into the Tongwi-yeong administration, which was dedicated solely to the royal palace defense. In January 1893. the Samdo Yukgun(rnilitary) Tongeo-yecng administration(三道陸軍統禦營) which was previously located in the Cheongju area, was relocated to the Namyang area and was utilized in establishing the Haeyeon-Chongjae-yeong administration(海沿總制營) in that region. Since April 1893, governmental efforts to establish a modernized navy also continued. A naval academy under the jurisdiction of the Chongjae-yeong administration was being planned to be established. and later the facility was opened in the Ganghwa-do island. English instructors were invited to teach the cadets. But the Chongjae-yeong administration was rendered powerless when the Japanese authorities forcefully requested internal reformations to the Chosun government after their victory in the Ching-Japanese War. The cadets at the academy were also enlisted as ordinary soldiers and forced to participate in subjugating operations of the peasantry riots, In October 1894 the remaining trainees were transferred to the Hanseong English school. and the Chosun government's effort to establish a modernized navy was once again drastically halted.