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Categorisation: ALogical Approach to a Cognitive Problem

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Authors

Desclés, Jean-Pierre

Issue Date
2002
Publisher
Institute for Cognitive Science, Seoul National University
Citation
Journal of cognitive science, Vol.3 No.2, pp. 85-137
Abstract
In classical approach of categorization different problems arise. Non
Monotonie Logic, Para-consistant logic Pseudo-consistant Logic, fuzzy set try
to give answers for solving these problems. A "logical analysis" of the notions
of "typicality" and "atypicality" is presented here in the ways opened by
cognitive psychology, with the works of E. Rosch and other psychologists (J.-F.
Le Ny), by philosophy (with Wittgenstein's "resemblance" and also with the old
Aristotelian notion of "essence") and by logicians like Leibniz and Port-Royal in
close connexion with linguistic expressions of naturallanguages. The formalism
we propose is called "Logic for Determination of Objects" (LDO). It is
developed inside the framework of the sound and general theory of operators of
Curry's Combinatory Logic. LDO starts with a formaI relation between
extension and intension of a concept. A concept is viewed, from Frege, as a
function in the set of true-values. We introduce associated to a given concept(i)
"the" typical object, which is an abstract object as weIl as "the best
representative instance of the concept" and (ii) a deterrnination function which
contributes to give information for referencing objects. The classical Predicate
Calculus and classical Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence handle only
completely determinate objects. In LDO, for a given concept, its extension
contains indeterminate as weIl as more and less determinate instances of the
concept and also occurrences (completely deterrninate instances) of the concept.
ISSN
1598-2327
Language
English
URI
https://hdl.handle.net/10371/70741
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