Co-Exposure to Environmental Lead and Manganese Affects the Intelligence of School-Aged Children

Abstract

Background: Little is known about the potential interactive effect of environmental levels of lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) on the intelligence of children. The aims of this study were to investigate the association of a communitys level of Pb and Mn with the intellectual function of school-aged children and to explore the effect of joint exposure of these two heavy metals.