Identification of subdomains in NADPH oxidase-4 critical for the oxygen-dependent regulation of TASK-1 K(+) channels

Abstract

Hypoxic inhibition of K+ current is a critical O2-sensing mechanism. Previously, it was demonstrated that the cooperative action of TASK-1 and NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4) mediated the O2-sensitive K+ current response. Here we addressed the O2-sensing mechanism of NOX4 in terms of TASK-1 regulation. In TASK-1 and NOX4-coexpressing human embryonic kidney 293 cells, hypoxia (5% O2) decreased the amplitude of TASK-1 current (hypoxia-ΔITASK-1). To examine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate the hypoxia-ΔITASK-1, we treated the cells with carbon monoxide (CO) which is known to reduce ROS generation from the heme-containing NOX4. Unexpectedly, CO failed to mimic hypoxia in TASK-1 regulation, rather blocked the hypoxia-ΔITASK-1. Moreover, the hypoxia-ΔITASK-1 was neither recovered by H2O2 treatment nor prevented by antioxidant such as ascorbic acid. However, the hypoxia-ΔITASK-1 was noticeably attenuated by succinyl acetone, a heme synthase inhibitor. To further evaluate the role of heme, we constructed and expressed various NOX4 mutants, such as HBD(−) lacking the heme binding domain, NBD(−) lacking the NADPH binding domain, FBD(−) lacking the FAD binding domain, and HFBD(−) lacking both heme and FAD domains. The hypoxia-ΔITASK-1 was significantly reduced in HBD(−)-, FBD(−)-, or HFBD(−)-expressing cells, versus wild-type NOX4-expressing cells. However, NBD(−) did not affect the TASK-1 response to hypoxia. We also found that p22 is required for the NOX4-dependent TASK-1 regulation. These results suggest that O2 binding with NOX4 per se controls TASK-1 activity. In this process, the heme moiety and FBD seem to be responsible for the NOX4 regulation of TASK-1, and p22 might support the NOX4-TASK-1 interaction.