韓國古代石戰探析

Abstract

所謂 「石戰」, 又名 「投石」、「石戲」、「石戰戲」、「擲石戲」、「石擲戲」、「便戰」 或 「邊戰」等, 是韓國古代一種非常流行、 吸引廣大民眾參與, 以互相拋擲石頭作為戰鬥方式的戰爭模擬遊戲。 這種富有濃厚軍事體育意味的活動, 在朝鮮半島上有十分悠久的歷史。 高句麗(公元前37–公元668年)、 新羅(公元前57–公元935年)及百濟(公元前18–公元660年)三國鼎立時期, 石戰是一種典型的軍事訓練項目, 其目的為使士兵透過激烈的戰爭模擬活動來保持最高作戰狀態。 到了高麗時期(公元918–1392年), 石戰開始慢慢演變成普羅大眾廣泛參與的群眾性戰鬥模擬遊戲, 並每每於上元節及端午節等傳統節日舉行, 因而成為重要的節慶體育活動。

Stone Game was a very popular activity which attracted a wide range of participants in ancient Korea. It had very long history and in fact, it was seemed to be a martial sport or a military training event for the soldiers. Stone Game was then transformed to be a popular game for the masses, and specially played during some important traditional festivals, such as Lantern Festival(Shangyuan Festival or Yuanxiao Festival)and Duanwu Festival. Therefore, it became an important feast activity. Stone Game was not only popular in ancient Korea, it also won acceptance in China and Japan. Therefore, the development of Stone Game didnt only show an approximate traditional custom between China, Korea and Japan, it also reflected the historical spectrum of close cultural interaction between the three East Asian countries.