15-16세기 中央아시아 新遊收集團들의 動向 -前期모굴汗國의 崩壞와관련하여-

Abstract

Around the middle of the 14th century the successor states of the Mongol empire, having dominated most of the known parts of the Old World except for marginal regions like Western Europe and Japan, began to be disintegrated. This process delivered profound impacts upon the steppe nomads and they, who had been checked by powerful Mongol overlords, now started to form great and small political groups and to move southward filling the power vacuum left by the dissolution of the Mongol hegemony. The aim of this paper is to explain how these political and social changes contributed to the downfall of the Former Moghul Khante in Central Asia.

First of all, this paper tries to clarify when the group called Uzbegwas formed and what their identity was. As a result of the analysis of Islamic sources in some detail, the present writer argued that the term Uzbegat first had designated the whole nomads belongíng to the Kípchak Khanate and that only later its meaníng was changed to include only the eastern part of the Khanate, what ís called by scholars as the híte Horde".

As for the Kazakhs, it has been generally known that they were branched out of the Uzbegs sometíme between the end of the 1450s and the end of the 1460s, and the lack of detailed reports has not allowed us to define more exact date. However, the present writer, based on a report in the Veritable Records 01 the Ming Dynasty, could assert the fact that two groups, 1ed by Janibeg and Girei, had separated themselves from the Uzbegs and reached the p1aces called Sairam and Asparah at 1east before the winter of 1492.

This article did not propose a new hypothesis on the migration of the Kirgiz due to the 1ack of pertinent sources. Nonetheless, it suggests that the Kirgiz might have been a part of the Oirat confederation since a Ming source mentions in the 1430s about a Myriad in Oirat-Kirgiz Country". This phrase seems to support the argument of V. V. Bartold who believed that the Kirgiz came to the Tian-shan range not fleeing from the Oirats but joining the Oirat expeditions.

Finally, the article examined the relations between theses new1y immigrated nomadic peoples and the Moghuls who had been living in the northern borders of the T ian-shan 10ng before their arrival. It examined the war between the Uzbegs, who were united under the leadership of Shaybani Khan, and the Moghu1s, and the weakening of the Moghuls in the wake of the defeat from that war and the ensuing succession struggles within the ruling circle. As a result, it became evident that all these external changes and internal dissensions 1ed to the Moghulsloss of the Moghulistan(north of the Tian-shan), which means the downfall of the Former Moghul Khanate.