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Abstract

This study examines Stalinism as an ideology. Its main conclusions are

as follows:

1. Stalin shared with the praxis of the Russian Marxism. The fundamental problem that the Russian Marxists confronted lay in the contradiction between proletarian revolution and peasant majority. Lenin found its solution in a Jacobin way of the Bolshevik revolution. Stalin as a Bolshevik followed this Leninist praxis of minority revolution.

2. Stalinism as an ideology had its background in Stalins evolving idea on the bond in the 1920s. This idea in tum meant an operationalization of Lenins Jacobinism. In Lenins Jacobinism the main question was how to carry out the building of socialism despite the peasant resistance. With regard to this question, in the mid twenties Stalin sided with Lenins dictum of NEP, the concessionary bond with the peasants. But at the end of the twenties, faced with the grain crisis, he shifted his position to the conception of an imposed bond. This entailed the "revolution from above" of 1929-33.

3. The upheaval gave rise to the party-state combined with a cential planning aimed at the socialist construction. This state of a Marxist praxis became the model for the later communist countries. Stalins contribution to the Marxist praxis is found primarily in the establishment of an operational Marxist state. The essence of Stalinism as an ideology thus can be identified in the belief in the operational Marxist state of communist party and a planned economy.