러시아 낭만주의 산문과 푸쉬킨: 환상소설론

Abstract

The Russian Romanticism covers the first half of the 19th century. The European Romanticism had influenced on them. The important principles of their teachings are the quest for originality and the national identity. The Russian romantics were immediately responsive to this new literary movement. They accepted the importance of originality and endeavored to liberate themselves from foreign influences. They wanted to create an original national literature. Poetry was dominant in the romantic movement. Romantics translated the ballads and other verse works of English and German romantic poets, and then created their own verse works. But from the middle of the 1820s there appeared prose works in Russia. And from the 1830s prose works dominated over the romantic verse tales. The Russians were interested in the society tales, travel sketches, historical novels and fantastic stories. In this paper 1 would like to study of the Russian fantastic fiction. From the mid-twentieth on, the supernatural tale becomes one of the most popular types of fiction. In the twenties the fantastic works of E. T. A. Hoffmann and Washington Irving were introduced, and Russian authors began to imitate these imported works. It is natural that the fantastic emerged during the Romantic period, for it is "the literature of difference." The fantastic is a deliberate response to a gap between the real and the desired, under the control. of the individual. The fantastic acts as a secondary text to reality. It comments on reality or imitates reality. But the fantasy does not escape the real. The fantastic cannot exist independently of the real world. The fantastic acts as а secondary text to reality. It comments оn reality or imitates reality. But the fantasy does not escape the real. The fantastic cannot exist independently of the real world.

The literary fantasy has а political function. It violated а dominant assumptions of what is generally accepted as normative. The history of the fantastic is the history of struggle. Fantasies are опе of the individual' s deliberate response to circumstances which are not ideal. After the Decembrist revolution, the romantic movement suffered а severe setback. The romantics expressed their thoughts through the fantasy. Мапу romantics wrote the fantastic prose. (А. Погорельский, А. А.

Бестужев-Марлинск~ий, О. М. Сомñов, И. В. Киреевск¯ий, В. П. Титов, В. Ф. ОдоевскÍий, А. С. Пушкин, Н. В. Гоголь, М. Ю. Лермонтов, А. Ф. Велыман) They treated the contemporary social and moral faults in their fantastic works. The fantasy was used for instruments which discover the individual hypocrisy, mental

vacancy, cunning, betrayal, meaninglessness(пошлость). Опе of the popular authors was V. F. Odoevsky. His short tale <А Story of How Dangerous it is for Girls to Walk in а Crowd along Nevsky

Prospect> (СкMазка о том, как опасно девушкам ходить толпою по Невскому проспекту) shows social and mental problems. Не criticized the social

conditions and social manners. Especially he attacked the thoughtless acceptance of foreign influences. Foreign ideas, thoughts and things are very dangerous to Russian soul. The important thing in his works is not а belief in the supematural but а didacticism. However, the most important fantastic fiction is А. S. Pushkin's 『The Queen of Spades』. Оn the оnе hand, this tale is parody of Romantic fantastic fiction. Оn the other hand, Pushkin still continues fantastic tradition. The reader hesitates between the uncanny and the marvellous. There is по solution.