Фауст или Дон жуан? - к проблеNе "ПУ8КИН в жизни"

Abstract

Between Pushkin' s poetry and his biography there is traditionally seen а contradiction, оп the accentuating of which V. V eresaiev' s famous book "Pushkin in everyday life" (~Pushkin v zhizni~) is based. However, in the book, as well as in the traditional studies of literature, the ргоЫеm is not well-posed and thus, has Ьесоmе а source of futile discussions and speculations. Both correspondence and contradictions between Pushkin-poet and Pushkin -person should Ье sought for not оп the level of writer' s single actions but оп the level of his determinative features. Also, choosing the source of information is of fundamental importance: as the main source Pushkin' s lyrics should Ье used, not his letters ог diaries. А traditional opinion that Pushkin' s lyrics аге in the first place love lyrics is quite right. However, ап opposition of lyric character - romantic and knight - and Pushkin in his personal life, shocking Ьу inconstancy and unscrupulousness, is fallacious. Pushkin' s lyric character is much closer to а seducer than to а knight, and lyric poetry in its essential principles is deeply dramatic. Love passion is seen Ьу the poet not only as а риге and life-giving, but also as dark and formidable power. In his lyrics Pushkin has created а great variety of feminine images. Опе character, however, stands out. This is the image of Shemahanskaya tsaritsa, а symbol of femininity - а source of passion. Pushkin' s lyric character, conquering and subduing women, is conditiona11y brought into correlation first of а11 with the image of Don ]иап, whose main drama is loss of ability to experience delight and enjoyment. It's well known that Pushkin's Don ]иап from the "Kamennyi gost' " is опе of the closest character to the author, his alter ego. Pushkin' s lyric character, disposed towards introspection and reflection, - is close to another etemal character of the world culture - Faust. These two characters, as well as the Ы\Ы\е character, determine various types of love collision. The complex coexistence and struggle of these different emotional and mental states constitutes the content of Pushkin's lyrics as well as of his real life.